多载荷激励下轧机四列滚子轴承故障动力学建模及其响应特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260102

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 12-24.doi: 10.3901/JME.260102

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇

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多载荷激励下轧机四列滚子轴承故障动力学建模及其响应特性研究

吝水林^1,2, 胡博文^1,2, 孙建亮^1,2, 彭艳^1,2,3

1. 燕山大学机械工程学院秦皇岛 066004;
2. 燕山大学国家冷轧板带装备及工艺工程技术研究中心秦皇岛 066004;
3. 燕山大学起重机械关键技术全国重点实验室秦皇岛 066004

收稿日期:2025-04-15 修回日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2026-04-02
作者简介:吝水林(通信作者),男,1991年出生,博士,讲师,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轴承故障机理与动力学。E-mail:linshuilin@ysu.edu.cn
孙建亮,男,1981年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为装备在线监测与智能故障诊断。E-mail:sunjianliang@ysu.edu.cn
彭艳,男,1971年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轧机系统动力学。E-mail:pengyan@ysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2024YFE0114600)、国家自然科学基金(52505137，52475409)和河北省自然科学基金(E2025203126)资助项目。

Dynamic Modeling and Response Analysis of Defective Four-row Roller Bearings in Rolling Mills under Multi-load Excitation

LIN Shuilin^1,2, HU Bowen^1,2, SUN Jianliang^1,2, PENG Yan^1,2,3

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004;
2. National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004;
3. State Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004

Received:2025-04-15 Revised:2025-09-20 Published:2026-04-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 四列滚子轴承作为轧机的关键部件，在恶劣服役环境下发生故障可能引发轧机振动加剧、产品表面质量下降甚至生产事故。针对现有动力学方法局限于通用单列轴承，且模型关键参数依赖实验室数据而无法保障模型的准确性和有效性，提出多载荷激励下轧机四列滚子轴承故障动力学建模及响应特性研究方法。通过构建辊系整体和轴承局部激励载荷模型，准确表征轧制过程中的力学行为与动态激励。在此基础上，提出轧机轴承故障动力学建模方法，揭示故障特征与系统响应之间的内在机制。为进一步验证模型与方法的有效性，搭建工业测试平台并进行试验验证，对比分析理论结果和实测数据。结果表明，接触载荷和加速度信号会在滚动元件经过故障区域时先后产生两次冲击，其中首次冲击后因与故障前壁持续接触导致载荷小幅回弹，二次冲击则引发内外滚道接触载荷交替变化及高频振动。随着碰撞能量衰减，系统最终转为以低频本征振动为主导的响应状态。此外，在轧制产品厚度为3.2 mm的SPA-H钢时，上工作辊因滚动体故障在稳态轧制阶段仍产生显著冲击响应和位移波动，导致辊缝失稳，而下工作辊则保持平稳运行状态。

关键词: 多载荷, 轧机轴承, 故障动力学, 工业试验

Abstract: As key components of the mill, four-row roller bearings with faults can intensify mill vibration, reduce the surface quality of products, and even lead to production accidents in severe service environments. A method is proposed for dynamic modeling and response characteristics of defective four-row roller bearings in rolling mills under multi-load excitation, addressing the limitations of existing dynamic methods which are confined to generic single-row bearings and rely on laboratory data, thereby failing to ensure model accuracy and validity. A model of the overall roll system and local bearing excitation load is constructed to accurately characterize the mechanical behavior and dynamic excitation during the rolling process. Based on this, a dynamic modeling method for rolling mill bearing faults is proposed to reveal the intrinsic relationship between fault characteristics and system responses. To further validate the effectiveness of the model and the method, an industrial test platform is built, and experimental verification is carried out with comparative analysis between theoretical results and measured data. Experimental results reveal that two distinct shock events are observed in contact load and acceleration signals during fault zone traversal: an initial slight load rebound is caused by sustained edge contact, followed by alternating load variations with high-frequency vibration between raceways. The system is shifted to low-frequency response through energy dissipation. During 3.2 mm SPA-H steel rolling, significant impacts and displacement fluctuations are caused by upper work roll bearing faults, destabilizing the roll gap, while the lower roll remains stable.

Key words: multi-load, rolling mill bearing, fault dynamics, industrial experiment

中图分类号:

TG133

吝水林, 胡博文, 孙建亮, 彭艳. 多载荷激励下轧机四列滚子轴承故障动力学建模及其响应特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 12-24.

LIN Shuilin, HU Bowen, SUN Jianliang, PENG Yan. Dynamic Modeling and Response Analysis of Defective Four-row Roller Bearings in Rolling Mills under Multi-load Excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 12-24.

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多载荷激励下轧机四列滚子轴承故障动力学建模及其响应特性研究

Dynamic Modeling and Response Analysis of Defective Four-row Roller Bearings in Rolling Mills under Multi-load Excitation

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