同轴水-水射流的冲击性能试验及数值模拟研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260065

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了获得低压工况下同轴水-水射流喷嘴几何参数和速度比对射流冲击性能的影响规律，基于正交试验方法设计了9种不同方案的同轴喷嘴，开展高速摄影试验，分析同轴射流冲击平板形成的水膜，并进行射流打击力试验；采用VOF-CSF耦合模型对水膜进行数值模拟，揭示了优化后同轴喷嘴冲击性能得到改善的本质原因。研究结果表明，在总流量为6 L/min条件下，内外喷嘴的相对位置对射流打击力有显著影响，内喷嘴厚度的影响最小。随速度比增加，多数喷嘴的打击力时均值会减小。在内喷嘴流量不变条件下，同轴水-水射流冲击平板形成的水膜半径试验数据与模拟结果较为吻合，水膜内部出现大量气泡，且随速度比增加，膜内流动紊乱性先增加后减小。喷嘴优化前后对比结果显示，相同速度比条件下的同轴射流具有相似性，且优化喷嘴模型展现出更好的射流集束性，更有利于将动能转化为压力能。研究结果对低压同轴射流喷嘴的优化设计以及工业应用都具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 同轴射流, 冲击性能, 打击力试验, 水膜, 数值模拟

Abstract: To investigate the influence of geometric parameters and velocity ratio on the impingement performance of coaxial water-water jets under low-pressure conditions, nine distinct coaxial nozzles are designed using orthogonal experimental design method. Subsequently, high-speed photography experiments are conducted to analyse the water film formed by the coaxial jet impinging on a flat plate, and jet impact force experiments are also performed. A VOF-CSF coupled model is employed to simulate the water film, elucidating the fundamental reasons for the improved impingement performance of the optimized nozzle. The results show that, at a total flow rate of 6 L/min, the relative position of the inner and outer nozzles has a significant impact on the jet impact force, while inner nozzle thickness has minimal effect. Mean impact force values generally decrease with increasing velocity ratio for most nozzle configurations. Furthermore, under a constant inner jet flow rate, experimental and simulation results for the water film radius show good agreement, and numerous bubbles are observed within the film. Additionally, the flow turbulence within the film exhibits an increase followed by a decrease as the velocity ratio rises. The comparison before and after nozzle optimization demonstrates that the coaxial jets share similar properties at the same velocity ratio. However, the optimized nozzle model features improved jet focusing, which better enables the transformation of kinetic energy into pressure energy. These results provide valuable guidance for the optimization of low-pressure coaxial water jet design and industrial applications.

Key words: coaxial jet, impinging performance, impact force test, water film, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TH311

孙海超, 李亚林, 王希坤, 陶贤明. 同轴水-水射流的冲击性能试验及数值模拟研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 445-454.

SUN Haichao, LI Yalin, WANG Xikun, TAO Xianming. Experimental and Numerical Study on the Impinging Performance of Coaxial Water-water Jet[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 445-454.

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