高铁制动盘失效原因和改进对策

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.14.264

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盘式制动是高铁制动的重要方式。其中，制动盘作为盘式制动的重要部件，在严苛的运行工况和恶劣环境下存在着磨损、热斑、热裂纹等失效形式。总结制动盘的三种失效形式及其原因，并从结构改进、材料改进、表面改性三个方面对制动盘改进进行综述。采用通风式制动盘和浮动式结构的闸片相互配合能够增强散热，使用高导热材料进行制备，以及减少制造过程中的缺陷，能够提高制动盘的抗热震性和耐磨性。除此之外，梳理出通过表面改性提高制动盘综合性能、稳定制动系统的两个方向，即以激光熔覆和热喷涂的方式制备表面强化层，对通过摩擦试验评估涂层还需开展的工作进行展望，以期有助于促进制动盘表面改性技术手段和测试方法的发展。

关键词: 制动系统, 制动盘, 失效分析

Abstract: Disc brake is an important way of high-speed railway braking. As an important part of disc brake, the brake disc has many failure forms, such as wear, hot spot, hot crack and so on. The three failure forms and causes of brake disc were summarized. The improvement of brake disc from three aspects of structure improvement, material improvement and surface modification are reviewed. The combination of ventilated brake disc and floating brake pad can enhance heat dissipation, and the high thermal conductivity material can be used for preparation. At the same time, the defects in the manufacturing process should be reduced, therefore the thermal shock resistance and wear resistance of the brake disc can be improved. In addition, two directions of improving the comprehensive performance of the brake disc and stabilizing the braking system through surface modification are reviewed, namely, the surface strengthening layer is prepared by laser cladding and thermal spraying. Evaluating coatings by friction experiments is prospected, in order to promote the development of technical means and test methods for surface modification of brake discs.

Key words: braking system, brake disk, failure causes

中图分类号:

TG156

温玉颖, 张晓新, 燕青芝. 高铁制动盘失效原因和改进对策[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(14): 264-276.

WEN Yuying, ZHANG Xiaoxin, YAN Qingzhi. Failure Causes and the Improvement Countermeasures on High-speed Brake Disc[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(14): 264-276.

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