精密仪表用铝合金瓷质阳极氧化表面粘接性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.12.236

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 236-244.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.12.236

扫码分享

精密仪表用铝合金瓷质阳极氧化表面粘接性能研究

郭磊¹, 刘检华^1,2, 夏焕雄^1,2, 敖晓辉^1,2

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 北京理工大学唐山研究院唐山 063015

收稿日期:2022-06-19 修回日期:2023-03-19 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-08-15
通讯作者: 夏焕雄(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为多相流-多场耦合建模仿真、胶粘连接、精密装配。E-mail:hxia@bit.edu.cn
作者简介:郭磊,男,1985年出生,博士。主要研究方向为精密胶接装配技术。E-mail:guolei828@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51935003，52105504)、国防基础科研(JCKY2019203B031)和装备重大基础研究(514010208-301)资助项目。

Analysis of Adhesion Performance of Porcelain-like Anodized Aluminum-alloy Surface for Precision Instruments

GUO Lei¹, LIU Jianhua^1,2, XIA Huanxiong^1,2, AO Xiaohui^1,2

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063015

Received:2022-06-19 Revised:2023-03-19 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铝合金瓷质阳极氧化工艺是精密仪表制造中的一种特殊且关键的技术应用，但该氧化表面的胶粘连接常常出现脱粘、泄漏等失效问题。为此，通过探究瓷质阳极氧化表面的微纳形貌与润湿性特征以及高低温下的胶接强度与失效模式，并与自然氧化表面及磷酸阳极氧化表面进行对比分析，阐明瓷质阳极氧化表面胶接失效的影响机理。结果表明，磷酸阳极氧化虽未在微米尺度上显著改变表面粗糙度，但其纳米级多孔氧化膜结构，可显著提高表面润湿性与界面粘接作用力；而瓷质阳极氧化膜在50 000×的SEM形貌下较为致密、平滑，显示出不利于胶粘剂润湿与吸附的物理特征；在-30～80 ℃下，温度与氧化方法均对胶接强度影响显著，胶接强度随着温度的升高而降低；磷酸阳极氧化表面的强度最高(36.75～20.54 MPa)，其次为自然氧化，最差为瓷质阳极氧化(24.79～17.10 MPa)。热红外与能谱分析表明，瓷质阳极氧化表面的粘附强度低于胶粘剂的内聚强度，失效模式为粘附失效，而磷酸阳极氧化表面的失效模式为胶粘剂的内聚失效。因此，瓷质阳极氧化表面由于氧化膜的致密性，缺少类似磷酸阳极氧化膜的纳米级多孔结构，不利于表面润湿吸附，降低了胶粘剂与基底表面的机械嵌合作用，从而易产生粘接失效。

关键词: 精密仪表, 瓷质阳极氧化, 磷酸阳极氧化, 胶接强度, 失效分析

Abstract: The porcelain-like anodizing (PLA) process for aluminum alloys is a special and key technology in the manufacture of precision instruments, but the bonding structure with the anodized surfaces often suffers from connection failures such as debonding and leakage. To study this issue, the micro-nano morphology and wettability of the porcelain-like anodized surface and the bonding strength and failure mode at high and low temperatures were examined, comparisons with the naturally oxidized (NO) surface and the phosphoric acid anodized (PAA) surface were carried out, and the influence mechanism of adhesive failure on the precision anodized surface was understood. The results show that although PAA does not significantly change the surface roughness on the micron scale, its anodized film with nano-scale porous structure can improve the surface wettability and the interfacial bonding force; the SEM morphology at 50k times shows that the PLA surface is relatively dense and smooth, which is not conducive to wetting and adsorption of the adhesive; both the temperature (from -30 ℃ to 80 ℃) and the surface factors have significant effects on the bonding strength, and the strength decreases with the increase of the temperature; the bonding strength of the PAA surface is the highest (36.75-20.54 MPa), then the NO surface followed by the PLA surface (24.79-17.10 MPa). The thermal infrared and energy spectrum analyses show that the adhesive strength of the PLA surface is lower than the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and the failure mode is adhesion failure, while the failure mode of the PAA surface is the cohesive failure of the adhesive. Therefore, the adhesion failure of the PLA surface mainly results from the compact anodized film, which is not conducive to adhesive wetting and adsorption and then weakens the mechanical interlocking effect between the adhesive and the substrate surface compared with the PAA film with nano-scale porous structures.

Key words: precision instrument, porcelain-like anodizing, phosphoric acid anodizing, bonding strength, failure analysis

中图分类号:

TH16

郭磊, 刘检华, 夏焕雄, 敖晓辉. 精密仪表用铝合金瓷质阳极氧化表面粘接性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(12): 236-244.

GUO Lei, LIU Jianhua, XIA Huanxiong, AO Xiaohui. Analysis of Adhesion Performance of Porcelain-like Anodized Aluminum-alloy Surface for Precision Instruments[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(12): 236-244.

参考文献

[1] JOTHI V,ADESINA A Y,KUMAR A M,et al. Influence of an anodized layer on the adhesion and surface protective performance of organic coatings on AA2024 aerospace Al alloy[J]. Progress in Organic Coatings,2020,138:105396.
[2] KHAN M F,KUMAR A M,UL-HAMID A,et al. Achieving non-adsorptive anodized film on Al-2024 alloy:Surface and electrochemical corrosion investigation[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces,2019,15:78-88.
[3] 王献昉,朱立群. 铝合金彩色瓷质阳极氧化新工艺[J]. 表面技术,2004,33(6):50-52. WANG Xianfang,ZHU Liqun. Study on a new technique for color porcelain anodic oxidation of aluminium alloy[J]. Surface Technology,2004,33(6):50-52.
[4] MOHITFAR S H,MAHDAVI S,ETMINANFAR M,et al. Characteristics and tribological behavior of the hard anodized 6061-T6 Al alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2020,842:155988.
[5] 何潘亮. 四酸体系铝合金瓷质氧化工艺研究[D]. 杭州:中国计量大学,2016. HE Panliang. Ceramic oxidation of aluminum alloy from 4-acid system[D]. Hangzhou:China Jiliang University,2016.
[6] ACCIARI H A,PALMA D P S,CODARO E N,et al. Surface modifications by both anodic oxidation and ion beam implantation on electropolished titanium substrates[J]. Applied Surface Science,2019,487:1111-1120.
[7] BECHIKH A,KLINKOVA O,MAALEJ Y,et al. Sandblasting parameter variation effect on galvanized steel surface chemical composition,roughness and free energy[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2020,102:102653.
[8] ZHU Chuanmin,WAN Hailang,MIN Junying,et al. Application of pulsed Yb:Fiber laser to surface treatment of Al alloys for improved adhesive bonded performance[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2019,119:65-76.
[9] CORREIA S,ANES V,REIS L. Effect of surface treatment on adhesively bonded aluminium-aluminium joints regarding aeronautical structures[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2018,84:34-45.
[10] KINLOCH A J,WELCH L S,BISHOP H E. Locus of environmental crack growth in bonded aluminium alloy joints[J]. Journal of Adhesion,1984,16(3):165-177.
[11] LEFEBVRE D R,AHN B K,DILLARD D A,et al. The effect of surface treatments on interfacial fatigue crack initiation in aluminum/epoxy bonds[J]. International Journal of Fracture,2002,114(2):191-202.
[12] GUO Lei,LIU Jianhua,XIA Huanxiong,et al. Effects of surface treatment and adhesive thickness on the shear strength of precision bonded joints[J]. Polymer Testing,2021,94:107063.
[13] BRISKHAM P,SMITH G. Cyclic stress durability testing of lap shear joints exposed to hot-wet conditions[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2000,20(1):33-38.
[14] BLAND D J,KINLOCH A J,WATTS J F. The role of the surface pretreatment in the durability of aluminium-alloy structural adhesive joints:Mechanisms of failure[J]. Journal of Adhesion,2013,89(5):369-397.
[15] LIU Jianhua,LI Xiayu,XIA Huanxiong,et al. Effects of assembly errors and bonding defects on the centroid drift of a precision sleeve structure[J]. Advances in Manufacturing,2021,9(4):509-519.
[16] 郑楠. 铝硅合金金黄色膜层及瓷质膜层研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2012. ZHENG Nan. Research on golden film and porcelain film of Al-Si alloy[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Ligong University,2012.
[17] 王桂香,杨瑞芳,郭旖旎,等. 电流密度对铝合金瓷质阳极氧化膜性能的影响[J]. 电镀与环保,2012,32(4):40-43. WANG Guixiang,YANG Ruifang,GUO Yini,et al. Effects of current density on the properties of porcelain anodic films of aluminum alloy[J]. Electroplating & Pollution Control,2012,32(4):40-43.
[18] 应燕翔,卫国英,何潘亮,等. 温度梯度对铝合金A2024瓷质阳极氧化膜表面性能的影响[J]. 电镀与精饰,2020,42(5):25-31. YING Yanxiang,WEI Guoying,HE Panliang,et al. Effect of temperature gradient on the surface properties of ceramic anodic oxide film on A2024[J]. Plating and Finishing,2020,42(5):25-31.
[19] 伍宇昊. 瓷质氧化预处理对弱酸铝合金微弧氧化的影响研究[D]. 成都:西华大学,2020. WU Yuhao. Study on effect of ceramic anodizing pretreatment on MAO of aluminum alloy in weak acid electrolyte[D]. Chengdu:Xihua University,2020.
[20] 韩夏云,薛方勤,郭忠诚,等. 混酸法瓷质阳极氧化工艺的改进[J]. 电镀与涂饰,2001(6):22-23. HAN Xiayun,XUE Fangqin,GUO Zhongcheng,et al. Improvement of ceramic anodizing process in mixed acidic solution[J]. Electroplating & Finishing,2001(6):22-23.
[21] LI Yingdong,ZHAO Pizhi,FENG Yingjuan,et al. Influence of anodic oxide film structure on adhesive bonding performance of 5754 aluminum alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2019,29(9):1836-1841.
[22] 张艳斌,张立民,张继旺,等. 阳极氧化处理对2014-T6铝合金弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J]. 金属学报,2014,50(6):715-721. ZHANG Yanbin,ZHANG Limin,ZHANG Jiwang,et al. Effect of anodizing treatment on bending fatigue properties of 2014-T6 aluminium alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2014,50(6):715-721.
[23] 薛方勤,韩夏云,郭忠诚,等. 铝合金瓷质阳极氧化的工艺探讨[J]. 电镀与环保,2002,22(2):25-26. XUE Fangqin,HAN Xiayun,GUO Zhongcheng,et al. A discussion on the anodization process for porcelain-like film on Al alloy[J]. Electroplating & Pollution Control,2002,22(2):25-26.
[24] American Society of Testing Materials. ASTM D 1002-10. Standard test method for apparent shear strength of single-lap-joint adhesively bonded metal specimens by tension loading (metal to metal)[S]. West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2010.
[25] GUO Lei,LIU Jianhua,XIA Huanxiong,et al. Effect of surface morphology characteristic parameters on the shear strength of aluminum bonded joints[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2022,238:111420.

精密仪表用铝合金瓷质阳极氧化表面粘接性能研究

Analysis of Adhesion Performance of Porcelain-like Anodized Aluminum-alloy Surface for Precision Instruments

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	温玉颖, 张晓新, 燕青芝. 高铁制动盘失效原因和改进对策[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(14): 264-276.
[2]	邱丽芳, 王晶琳, 刘宁宁. 基于拉力带参数的IST-LEJ设计与分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(13): 94-101.
[3]	孙伟, 朱晔, 霍军周, 黄晓琦. 基于裂纹失效区域划分的TBM刀盘裂纹位置预估及分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(1): 27-35.
[4]	程西云肖舒何俊. 梯度结构对氧化铝陶瓷涂层结合强度及抗冲击性能影响的试验研究[J]. , 2014, 50(10): 87-92.
[5]	宋光雄;张峥;钟群鹏. 基于网络的腐蚀失效模式和原因识别诊断系统及其应用[J]. , 2005, 41(2): 182-186.
[6]	王晓力;桂长林;朱延彬;杨正宇;梁会芳. 润滑脂数据库的故障诊断及失效分析功能设计的研究[J]. , 1997, 33(2): 99-105，.
[7]	钟群鹏;田永江;张峥. 失效分析与安全评估的主要技术和方法综述[J]. , 1993, 29(5): 20-27.
[8]	刘佐民;黄文治. 大型易磨损件的等磨损面设计[J]. , 1990, 26(2): 72-78.