多元协同的高速列车参数自适应悬挂控制研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260713

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升高速列车动力学性能及线路适应性，提出一种自适应参数优化的多元协同悬挂控制策略。基于最优控制理论构建悬挂控制器，实现多类悬挂元件协同调控，结合混合寻优算法实现控制器参数自适应优化。建立十七自由度整车动力学模型，基于Simulink搭建含线性二次型调节器的协同控制仿真模型，对比其与被动悬挂的减振效果。针对人工调参难达最优的问题，引入遗传-粒子群混合算法优化控制器权重矩阵参数，实现控制参数的动态自适应优化，提升了控制策略的鲁棒性。对比人工调参，自适应多元协同控制下车体横向及摇头角加速度均方根分别降低50.49%、37.98%，构架横向及摇头角加速度均方根分别降低50.59%、59.21%。基于车辆频域响应特性与平稳性评价指标，在不同控制元件、运行速度、轨道激励及车轮磨耗工况下，仿真分析其与被动控制、单一元件独立控制的减振差异，发现该控制策略下悬挂系统综合性能最优，尤其对车辆系统4～8 Hz频段振动能量抑制效果显著。结果表明，多元协同控制可有效抑制车体与构架横向振动，控制器参数自适应优化后悬挂性能进一步提升；相较于被动与单一元件控制，在改善悬挂性能、提升运行平稳性与复杂工况适用性上优势显著，表现出良好的线路适应能力与工程应用价值。

关键词: 高速列车, 横向振动, 悬挂控制, 多元协同, 参数优化

Abstract: To enhance the dynamic performance and track adaptability of high-speed trains, an adaptive parameter-optimized multi-element collaborative suspension control strategy is proposed. Based on the optimal control theory, a suspension controller is constructed to achieve the coordinated regulation of multiple types of suspension components. The hybrid optimization algorithm is combined to realize the adaptive optimization of the controller parameters. A seventeen-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is established, and a collaborative control simulation model with a linear quadratic regulator is built in Simulink to compare its vibration reduction effect with that of passive suspension. To address the difficulty of achieving the optimal parameters through manual tuning, a genetic-particle swarm hybrid algorithm is introduced to optimize the weight matrix parameters of the controller, achieving dynamic adaptive optimization of the control parameters and enhancing the robustness of the control strategy. Compared with manual parameter tuning, the root mean square of the lateral and yaw angular accelerations of the car body and frame under the adaptive multi-element collaborative control are reduced by 50.49% and 37.98%, and 50.59% and 59.21%, respectively. Based on the vehicle frequency domain response characteristics and stability evaluation indicators, the vibration reduction differences between this control strategy, passive control, and single-element independent control are simulated and analyzed under different control components, operating speeds, track excitations, and wheel wear conditions. It is found that the comprehensive performance of the suspension system under this control strategy is the best, especially in the suppression of vibration energy in the 4-8 Hz frequency band of the vehicle system. The results show that the multi-element collaborative control can effectively suppress the lateral vibration of the car body and frame, and the suspension performance is further improved after the adaptive optimization of the controller parameters. Compared with passive and single-element control, it has significant advantages in improving suspension performance, enhancing operational stability, and adapting to complex working conditions, demonstrating good track adaptability and engineering application value.

Key words: high-speed trains, lateral vibration, suspension control, multi-component coordination, parameter optimization

中图分类号:

U270

侯锁霞, 韩嵩, 王鹏, 杨绍普, 赵义伟. 多元协同的高速列车参数自适应悬挂控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 331-342.

HOU Suoxia, HAN Song, WANG Peng, YANG Shaopu, ZHAO Yiwei. Research on Adaptive Suspension Control of High-speed Trains with Multi-coordination Parameters[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 331-342.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260713

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/331

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