时速400 km高速铁路轮轨冲击载荷特征研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260615

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 运行速度的提高使得高速动车组车辆-轨道耦合系统的轮轨动力相互作用呈现明显增强的态势，尤其是在钢轨短波局部不平顺作用下，轮轨冲击载荷显著加剧。为探究更高运行速度条件下高速铁路轮轨冲击载荷特征，基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，构建适应于时速400 km以上高速列车的车辆-轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型，系统分析更高运行速度条件下，钢轨焊缝、波磨等典型短波不平顺激励作用所导致的轮轨动力响应规律。研究表明：车辆高速通过钢轨焊缝不平顺激励时，轮轨系统会产生显著的冲击效应，列车通过速度由300 km/h提高到400 km/h时，轮轨系统振动最大值增幅在30%左右，轮轨相互作用力最大值增幅在15%左右。当车辆高速通过钢轨波磨激励时，轮轨动力响应呈现明显的周期性波动特征，不同速度下钢轨波磨的敏感波长存在明显差异，当波磨所激发的轮轨冲击频率与轮轨系统关键部件固有模态频率接近时，易诱发轮轨系统耦合共振，进而导致轮轨动力响应显著增大。相关研究成果可为时速400 km及以上高速铁路钢轨焊缝、波磨区段的养护维修管理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 高速列车, 轮轨冲击特性, 轨道短波不平顺, 轮轨系统耦合共振

Abstract: The dynamic wheel-rail interaction of the high-speed train vehicle-track coupling system is significantly intensified with increasing running speeds, particularly under the excitation of local short-wave rail irregularities. To explore the characteristics of wheel-rail impact loads under higher running speeds, a rigid-flexible vehicle-track coupled dynamics model suitable for high-speed trains with a speed of 400 km/h is established. The dynamic response of the wheel-rail system caused by typical short-wave irregularities such as rail weld and corrugation under higher running speeds is systemically analysed. It is demonstrated by the research that a significant impact effect of wheel-rail system is generated when the high-speed train passes through a rail weld irregularity. When the vehicle speed is increased from 300 km/h to 400 km/h, the maximum vibration of the wheel-rail system is observed to increase by approximately 30%, and the maximum wheel-rail interaction force is magnified by about 15%. When a high-speed train passes through a rail corrugation irregularity, the wheel-rail dynamic response shows a periodic fluctuation feature. The sensitive wavelengths of rail corrugation at different speeds show significant differences. When the wheel-rail impact frequency excited by the corrugation is close to the inherent mode frequency of the key components of the wheel-rail system, it is easy to induce coupling resonance of the wheel-rail system, which in turn leads to a significant increase in the wheel-rail dynamic response. The relevant research results can provide theoretical support for the maintenance and management of rail welds and corrugation sections in high-speed railways with a speed of 400 km/h.

Key words: high-speed train, wheel-rail impact characteristics, short-wave irregularities, wheel-rail system coupling resonance

中图分类号:

U271

姜培斌, 蒋忱忱, 何金原, 凌亮, 魏来, 翟婉明. 时速400 km高速铁路轮轨冲击载荷特征研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 41-51.

JIANG Peibin, JIANG Chenchen, HE Jinyuan, LING Liang, WEI Lai, ZHAI Wanming. Study on Wheel-rail Impact Load Characteristics of 400 km/h High-speed Railways[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 41-51.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260615

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/41

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