改善踏面磨耗和滚动接触疲劳的高速列车车轮型面多目标优化设计

doi:10.3901/JME.260347

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决某型高速列车在运行过程中出现车轮踏面磨耗范围较窄和踏面滚动接触疲劳(Rolling contact fatigue，RCF)的问题，提出一种基于多目标优化的车轮型面设计方法。该方法由高速车辆动力学模型、基于三次非均匀有理B样条(Non-uniform rational B-splines，NURBS)曲线的车轮型面构造程序、考虑接触点核密度分布的多目标优化数学模型、反向传播神经网络(Back propagation neural network，BPNN)代理模型以及第二代非支配排序遗传算法(Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm，NSGA-II)组成。从轮轨静态接触特性、车辆动力学性能、车轮磨耗演变和车轮RCF特性4个方面对优化型面进行综合评估。结果表明，相较于LMB10型面，优化型面与60N钢轨匹配时，接触点分布更加均匀，接触带宽增加30.3%；在满足蛇行运行稳定性的前提下，优化型面具有更为优的运行平稳性和曲线通过性能；20万km磨耗预测下，优化型面的踏面磨耗降低24%，踏面磨耗宽度增加49.5%；优化型面具有更好的抗RCF能力，损伤峰值降低41.1%。

关键词: 高速列车, 车轮型面优化, 多目标优化, 车轮磨耗, 滚动接触疲劳

Abstract: To addressed arrow wheel tread wear and rolling contact fatigue rolling contact fatigue(RCF) occurred on a specific type of high-speed train during operation, a wheel profile design method based on multi-objective optimization is proposed in this study. The method consists of five modules：a high-speed vehicle dynamics model, a wheel profile construction procedure based on cubic non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS) curves, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model considering the kernel density distribution of contact points, a back propagation neural network(BPNN) surrogate model, and the optimization algorithm non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II). The optimized wheel profile is systematically evaluated from four aspects：wheel-rail static contact characteristics, vehicle dynamics performance, wheel wear evolution, and wheel RCF characteristics. The results show that, compared to the LMB10 profile used in the current train, the optimized wheel profile has a more even distribution of contact points and a 30.3% higher contact bandwidth when matching with the 60N rails. Additionally, the optimized profile offers greater running stability and better curving performance. With a wear predicted mileage of 200 000 km, the tread wear of the optimized profile is reduced by 24% and the wear bandwidth is increased by 49.5%. Furthermore, the optimized profile has improved resistance to RCF, with the peak damage value decreased by 41.1%.

Key words: high-speed train, wheel profile optimization, multi-objective optimization, wheel wear, rolling contact fatigue

中图分类号:

U211

李文杰, 温炳光, 陶功权, 谭梦圣, 温泽峰. 改善踏面磨耗和滚动接触疲劳的高速列车车轮型面多目标优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(12): 322-333.

LI Wenjie, WEN Bingguang, TAO Gongquan, TAN Mengsheng, WEN Zefeng. Multi-objective Optimization of Wheel Profile of a High-speed Train to Improve Wheel Tread Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 322-333.

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