制动器增力传动机构研究现状与发展趋势

doi:10.3901/JME.260284

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着汽车电动化与智能化进程加速推进，车辆制动器正从单一的纯机械部件逐渐向机电一体的集成式机电部件演变，其性能优劣直接影响着整车的驾乘安全性，增力传动机构作为其核心部件，其特性直接决定了制动器的性能，因此一直以来备受学者关注。系统梳理制动器中常见的杠杆式、斜面滑块式及螺旋式等增力传动机构的工作原理、性能特点及其应用进展并对比分析了各类机构的优势与局限性。随后探讨多目标拓扑优化、接触应力与疲劳寿命预测等关键技术在增力传动机构设计过程中的应用现状，阐明增力传动机构轻量化与强度协同优化的必要性。介绍增力传动机构在电子机械制动(Electro-mechanical brake,EMB)系统中的应用现状，总结球盘式坡面增力与滚珠丝杠机构的技术突破及挑战。最后探讨增力传动机构的未来发展方向：需通过精密加工工艺革新、双层/异型增力结构创新及智能化算法融合，解决高增力比与动态响应、耐久性之间的矛盾，以满足智能驾驶汽车对制动器响应速度与控制精度、制动器可靠性等提出的高要求。

关键词: 制动器, 增力传动机构, 多目标优化, 疲劳寿命预测, 电子机械制动系统

Abstract: With the accelerated development of vehicle electrification and intelligence, vehicle brakes are evolving from conventional purely mechanical components toward integrated electromechanical units, whose performance is directly related to driving safety. As a core component of braking systems, the force-amplifying transmission mechanism is regarded as a decisive factor influencing braking performance and has consequently attracted sustained research interest. A systematic review of commonly used force-amplifying transmission mechanisms in automotive brakes is presented, including lever-type, wedge-slider, and screw-based configurations, with emphasis placed on their operating principles, performance characteristics, and application progress, together with a comparative analysis of their respective advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the current application status of key technologies, such as multi-objective topology optimization, contact stress analysis, and fatigue life prediction, in the design of force-amplifying transmission mechanisms is discussed, highlighting the necessity of coordinated optimization between lightweight design and structural strength. Furthermore, the application of force-amplifying transmission mechanisms in electro-mechanical brake(EMB) systems is reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on recent technological advances and remaining challenges associated with ball-ramp force amplification and ball screw mechanisms. Finally, future development trends of force-amplifying transmission mechanisms are explored, indicating that breakthroughs in precision manufacturing, innovations in dual-layer or non-conventional force-amplifying structures, and the integration of intelligent algorithms are required to resolve the inherent trade-offs among high amplification ratio, dynamic response, and durability, thereby meeting the increasingly stringent demands of intelligent vehicles for braking response speed, control accuracy, and system reliability.

Key words: brake, force-amplifying mechanism, multi-objective optimization, fatigue life prediction, electro-mechanical brake system

中图分类号:

U463

冯小明, 万珍平, 孙东升, 龙元香. 制动器增力传动机构研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(8): 1-20.

FENG Xiaoming, WAN Zhenping, SUN Dongsheng, LONG Yuanxiang. Research Status and Development Trends of Brake Force-amplifying Transmission Mechanisms[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(8): 1-20.

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