蛇行运动状态下高速列车轮轨动态接触特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260058

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速列车在运营服役过程中会出现不同程度的蛇行运动现象，大幅度的蛇行运动会显著恶化轮轨接触关系，威胁行车安全。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，建立了考虑轮轨非赫兹接触行为的高速车辆-轨道空间耦合动力学模型。利用所构建的数值模型，系统地对比分析不同轮轨磨耗和匹配状态下高速列车蛇行运动行为对轮轨系统动态相互作用的影响。研究结果表明：蛇行运动条件下高速列车轮轨界面应力动态响应出现周期性波动，同时轮轨应力幅值显著高于稳态运行状态下的轮轨应力幅值；轮轨黏着性能随着轮对蛇行横移量变化速率的增加而下降；蛇行运动状态下车轮踏面磨耗总量显著高于稳态运行条件下车轮踏面磨耗总量。

关键词: 高速列车, 蛇行运动, 车辆-轨道耦合动力学, 轮轨非赫兹滚动接触, 磨耗

Abstract: During the process of high-speed trains service, different degrees of low-frequency hunting motion always occur and large-amplitude of hunting motion can significantly deteriorate the wheel-rail rolling-contact relationship and threaten vehicle-operation safety. Based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamic theory, the high-speed train-track spatial coupled dynamic model was established in this paper, in which the non-Hertzian wheel/rail rolling-contact model was considered. With an adaptation of the numerical model, the wheel-rail interaction mechanism of high-speed trains under hunting conditions with different wear wheel/rail profile matching states was systematically compared. The results show that under the hunting conditions the dynamic stress distribution of high-speed trains vibrates periodically and wheel-rail contact-stress distribution under the hunting condition is significantly higher than that under the steady-state operation condition. The adhesion characteristics of the wheel and rail under hunting conditions are much worse than those under steady-state operation condition, and the adhesive region will decrease as wheelset lateral displacement rate is increase. At the same time, the wear-depth distribution under the hunting conditions is much higher than that under the steady-state operating conditions.

Key words: high-speed train, hunting motion, vehicle-track coupled dynamics, wheel-rail non-Hertzian contact, wear

中图分类号:

TG156

柴非凡, 杨云帆, 凌亮, 王开云, 翟婉明. 蛇行运动状态下高速列车轮轨动态接触特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 329-343.

CHAI Feifan, YANG Yunfan, LING Liang, WANG Kaiyun, ZHAI Wanming. High-speed Wheel/Rail Contact Characteristics under Hunting Condition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 329-343.

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