跨介质飞行器串行入水流场演化与运动特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.194

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (20): 194-203.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.20.194

• 运载工程 • 上一篇

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跨介质飞行器串行入水流场演化与运动特性研究

龙腾^1,2,3, 梁津铭¹, 张宝收^1,2, 王子玉¹, 叶年辉¹

1. 北京理工大学宇航学院北京 100081;
2. 北京理工大学飞行器动力学与控制教育部重点实验室北京 100081;
3. 陆空基信息感知与控制全国重点实验室北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-10-31 修回日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-12-03
作者简介:龙腾，男，1982年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为飞行器总体设计、飞行器多学科设计优化理论与应用和集群飞行器协同规划与控制。E-mail:tenglong@bit.edu.cn
张宝收(通信作者)，男，1991年出生，博士，副教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为飞行器设计与流动机理、跨域/跨介质降载增稳方法和流致振动控制及俘能技术。E-mail:zhangbaoshou@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52472394，52425211)。

Study on the Motion Characteristics and Water Field Evolution of Cross-medium Aircrafts Entry Water in Tandem

LONG Teng^1,2,3, LIANG Jinming¹, ZHANG Baoshou^1,2, WANG Ziyu¹, YE Nianhui¹

1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
3. National Key Laboratory of Land and Air Based Information Perception and Control, Beijing 100081

Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2025-12-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 跨介质飞行器串行入水能够提升对于近水面目标的打击精度。为获得跨介质飞行器串行入水的流场演化规律以及运动特性，建立跨介质飞行器串行入水数值仿真模型，并与试验进行对比，误差仅为5.88%，具备较高的准确性。基于此，分别研究跨介质飞行器在不同间距及不同初始速度下的入水特性，对跨介质飞行器的运动轨迹、表面压力分布、升阻力系数等进行定量分析，同时获得了流场涡结构及空化现象的演变规律。研究结果表明：在低速小间距工况下，次发飞行器入水时进入首发飞行器空泡中，减小了飞行器受到的冲击载荷；在低速大间距工况下，次发飞行器受重力影响入水点后移，无法精准进入首发飞行器空泡，降载效果较差；当飞行器速度增至100 m/s时，首发飞行器入水后产生较大气穴和复杂涡结构，姿态失稳明显，次发飞行器串行进入前者气穴内运动，入水冲击载荷大幅度减小，飞行姿态相对稳定且动能损失较小。

关键词: 跨介质飞行器, 串行入水, 载荷特性, 流场分析, 降载增稳

Abstract: The water entry in tandem of cross-medium aircrafts can improve the accuracy of striking near-surface targets. In order to obtain the flow field evolution law and motion characteristics when the cross-medium aircrafts entry water in tandem, a numerical simulation model of the cross-medium aircrafts entry water serially is established and compared with the experiment. The error is only 5.88%, which has high accuracy. Based on this, the water-entry characteristics of the cross-medium aircrafts with different distances and different initial speeds are studied. The trajectory, distribution of surface pressure, lift and drag coefficients of the cross-medium aircrafts are quantitatively analyzed, the vortex structure of the flow field and the evolution law of cavitation phenomenon are obtained. The results show that, under the condition of low speed and small spacing, the following aircraft enters the cavity of the first aircraft when it enters the water, which reduces the impact load of aircraft. Under the condition of low speed and large spacing, the following aircraft is affected by gravity, and the water-entry point moves backward, which cannot accurately enter the cavitation generated by the first aircraft, and the load-reduction effect is poor. Under the condition of high speed, the first aircraft produces large cavitation and complex vortex structure after entering the water, the attitude instability is obvious. The following aircraft moves in the cavitation of the first aircraft in tandem, the impact load of entering the water is greatly reduced, the flight attitude is relatively stable and the kinetic energy loss is small.

Key words: trans-medium aircrafts, water entry in tandem, load characteristics, flow field analysis, reduction of load and increasement of stability

中图分类号:

TG156

龙腾, 梁津铭, 张宝收, 王子玉, 叶年辉. 跨介质飞行器串行入水流场演化与运动特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 194-203.

LONG Teng, LIANG Jinming, ZHANG Baoshou, WANG Ziyu, YE Nianhui. Study on the Motion Characteristics and Water Field Evolution of Cross-medium Aircrafts Entry Water in Tandem[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 194-203.

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跨介质飞行器串行入水流场演化与运动特性研究

Study on the Motion Characteristics and Water Field Evolution of Cross-medium Aircrafts Entry Water in Tandem

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