橡胶减振元件热氧老化对高速列车车体与车下设备耦合振动的影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.182

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过加速老化试验和动态力学性能试验，分析橡胶动态力学性能参数的变化规律。采用非线性最小二乘法，基于橡胶动态力学性能试验结果，对建立的橡胶黏弹性本构模型参数进行了辨识。基于V型橡胶减振元件三向动刚度计算方法，结合Arrhenius方程与橡胶元件的黏弹性动态力学性参数随着时间的增加的变化规律，建立了V型橡胶减振元件热氧老化性能演变模型。建立高速列车刚柔耦合动力学模型，车体与车下设备吊挂减振元件动态力学性能参数依据所建立的橡胶减振元件热氧老化性能演变模型进行设定，探究外部环境温度、激励频率以及热氧老化对车体和车下设备耦合振动的影响。结果表明：橡胶老化对车体和车下设备耦合振动的加剧作用明显。橡胶老化主要对在一阶垂弯频率附近出现的主频峰值影响较大，随着橡胶逐渐老化，出现振动能量分布改变与振动主频频移现象。随着使用年限的增长，列车垂向Sperling平稳性指标呈逐渐上升的趋势。研究结果可为高速列车橡胶隔振元件的工程应用提供参考。

关键词: 高速列车, 橡胶减振元件, 热氧老化, 老化性能预测, 耦合振动分析

Abstract: Analysis of the Change in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber through Accelerated Aging Tests and Dynamic Mechanical Property Tests. Nonlinear least-squares method is used to identify the parameters of the established rubber viscoelastic constitutive model based on the results of the rubber dynamic mechanical property tests. Based on the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness calculation method of V-shaped rubber damping elements, combined with the Arrhenius equation and the variation law of viscoelastic dynamic mechanical parameters of rubber elements with time, a thermal oxygen aging performance evolution model of V-shaped rubber vibration damping elements is established. A rigid-flexible coupled dynamics model of high-speed trains is established, and the dynamic mechanical property parameters of the body and the underfloor equipment suspended by damping components are set based on the established thermal-oxidative aging performance evolution model of rubber damping components. The influence of external environmental temperature, excitation frequency, and thermal-oxidative aging on the coupled vibration between the train body and underfloor equipment is investigated. The results show that rubber aging significantly exacerbates the coupled vibration of the train body and underfloor equipment. Rubber aging mainly affects the peak value of the main frequency near the first-order vertical bending frequency, and as the rubber ages, changes in vibration energy distribution and frequency shift of the main vibration frequency occur. With the increase in service life, the vertical Sperling stability index of the train shows a gradual increase. The research results can provide reference for the engineering application of rubber vibration isolation components in high-speed trains.

Key words: high-speed trains, rubber damping elements, thermal oxygen aging, aging performance prediction, coupled vibration

中图分类号:

U270

邓新, 宫岛. 橡胶减振元件热氧老化对高速列车车体与车下设备耦合振动的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 182-193.

DENG Xin, GONG Dao. Investigation into Influence of Thermal-oxidative Aging of Rubber Damping Components on Coupled Vibration between High-speed Train Body and Under Classis Equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 182-193.

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