强风环境下山区铁路隧道出口的高速列车运行安全性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.349

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 列车在强风作用下驶出隧道时，作用于车体的气动载荷会发生突变，进而影响列车的动力学性能。为研究强风环境下高速列车从隧道驶出时的运行安全性，基于有限体积方法和重叠网格技术对列车气动载荷进行仿真分析，并建立列车-轨道耦合动力学模型，计算气动载荷作用下列车的动力学响应。研究结果表明，双线隧道出口侧风位于列车运行侧时作用于车辆的瞬态气动载荷波动最大，同时也大于侧风位于单线隧道出口两侧的情况；头车运行姿态变化幅度明显大于中间车和尾车，车辆横向位移和侧滚角均存在1.0 Hz左右的波动频率；载重越低、风速越高，隧道出口处气动载荷作用下轮重减载率越大，且风速超过21 m/s时空载列车轮重减载率超出安全限值。研究考虑了山区铁路隧道基本特征，讨论了隧道形式、风向角、风速等因素对列车气动特性和动力学性能的影响，可以为山区铁路强风条件列车行车安全问题研究提供参考。

关键词: 高速列车, 风环境, 空气动力学, 车辆系统动力学

Abstract: Sudden changes in aerodynamic loads applied to vehicles when the train exits the tunnel of mountain railways subjected to strong crosswinds have great influences on the dynamic performance of the train. To investigate the aerodynamic characteristic and dynamic performance of high-speed train exiting a tunnel under wind conditions, the finite volume method and overset mesh technique are employed to simulate the aerodynamic loads applied to vehicles, and the train-track coupled dynamic model is modeled to calculate dynamic responses of the train. Results show that, when the wind comes from the near-wall side, the transient aerodynamic loads change more severely compared with that from the opposite side of the double-track tunnel, or the same side of the single-track tunnel. Dynamic responses of the leading vehicle are more significant than those of the middle and tail carriages. The lateral displacement and rolling angle of all carriages fluctuate around 1 Hz. The transient aerodynamic loads at the tunnel exit have a greater effect on the wheel unloading ratios of the train as the decrease of the vehicle loads and the increase of wind velocities. When the wind speed exceeds to 21 m/s, there is a safety risk for the unloaded high-speed train passing through the tunnel exit. Considering characteristics of mountain railway tunnels, the influences of tunnel types, wind angles and wind velocities are discussed, which provide a reference for the running safety study of the train under strong wind conditions in mountain railways.

Key words: high-speed train, wind environment, aerodynamics, vehicle system dynamics

中图分类号:

U270
U272

胡彦霖, 凌亮, 张恒, 王开云. 强风环境下山区铁路隧道出口的高速列车运行安全性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 349-358.

HU Yanlin, LING Liang, ZHANG Heng, WANG Kaiyun. Dynamic Behavior of High-speed Train Passing through the Tunnel Exit under Strong Wind Environment at Mountain Railway[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 349-358.

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