强降雨环境高速列车气流流场及雨场的耦合机理

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.12.241

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对于强降雨环境高速列车气流流场及雨场的研究，以往工作主要侧重于气流流场，而气流流场与雨场的运动是相互耦合的，对气流流场、雨场及两者的耦合运动机理进行了系统的分析：基于Euler-Lagrange方法建立强降雨环境高速列车气流流场及雨场数值计算模型，从雨滴雷诺数、曳力及湍动能等角度分析雨滴的运动特性及气流的流动特性。研究结果表明：雨滴初始进入气流流场时，雨滴雷诺数较大，所受纵向曳力较大，气流对雨滴的纵向运动起着推动作用，随着雨滴纵向位移的增大，雨滴雷诺数减小，所受纵向曳力也随之减小，雨滴与气流的纵向相互作用变弱，当雨滴落至头车鼻尖附近时，雨滴雷诺数急剧增大，所受纵向曳力急剧增大，气流对雨滴的纵向运动起着阻滞作用；车速一定时，随着降雨强度的增大，头车鼻尖附近的湍动能随之减小，降雨强度一定时，随着车速的增大，头车鼻尖附近的湍动能随之增大；车速一定时，随着降雨强度的增大，头车鼻尖附近的正压范围、头车所受的气动阻力及气动升力逐渐增大。

关键词: 降雨环境, 高速列车, 雨滴雷诺数, 曳力, 气动特性

Abstract: In the study of rain field and airflow field characteristics of high-speed train under heavy rainfall environment，previous work mainly focused on the study of airflow field characteristics，but the movement of airflow field and rain field are coupled，and in this paper，the airflow field，rain field and their coupling motion are systematically analyzed: Based on Euler-Lagrange method，the numerical simulation model of high-speed train airflow field and rain field under heavy rainfall environment is established，and the motion characteristics of raindrop and airflow are analyzed from the perspectives of raindrop Reynolds number，drag force and turbulent kinetic energy. The results show that: When raindrop initially enters the airflow field，the Reynolds number of raindrop is large，and the longitudinal drag force of raindrop is large，and the airflow plays a role in promoting the longitudinal movement of raindrop. With the longitudinal displacement of raindrop increases，the Reynolds number of raindrop decreases，the longitudinal drag force also decreases，and the longitudinal interaction between raindrop and airflow becomes weaker. When raindrop falls near the nose tip of the head train，the Reynolds number of raindrop increases sharply，and the longitudinal drag force increases sharply，and the airflow acts as a block to the longitudinal motion of raindrop; When the train speed is constant，the turbulent kinetic energy near the nose tip of the head train decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity is constant，the turbulent kinetic energy near the nose tip of the head train increases with the increase of the train speed; When the train speed is constant，the positive pressure range near the nose of the head train，the aerodynamic drag and the aerodynamic lift of the head train gradually increase with the increase of rainfall intensity.

Key words: rainfall environment, high-speed train, raindrop Reynolds number, drag force, aerodynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

U270

盛旭高, 于梦阁, 李美香, 刘加利. 强降雨环境高速列车气流流场及雨场的耦合机理[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(12): 241-250.

SHENG Xugao, YU Mengge, LI Meixiang, LIU Jiali. Coupling Mechanism of Airflow Field and Rain Field of High-speed Train Under Heavy Rainfall Environment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(12): 241-250.

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