关于高速列车超级制动研究的思考

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.11.208

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 跑得更快已成为大家关注高速列车的热点，而如何尽快刹得住车则关注较少。由于我国环境地质条件复杂、极端天气与自然灾害频发、高速铁路线路构造险要等特点，提出高速列车超级制动的研究，旨在面对突发情况时，更大幅度缩短现有紧急制动距离，防止列车追尾或撞击线路入侵物，避免重大交通事故的发生。在介绍超级制动概念及其研究必要性、紧迫性的基础上，深入分析了制动与摩擦的内在关系，揭示了从紧急制动到超级制动面临的困难与挑战，提出了基于摩擦调控的超级制动研究的若干建议。超级制动是一项重大变革性技术，对守住高速列车运行的最后一道安全防线具有重要意义，是未来我国高速列车发展的重要方向之一。

关键词: 超级制动, 紧急制动, 高速列车, 摩擦调控, 界面增黏

Abstract: Higher speeds have become the focus of attention for high-speed trains, while fewer people care about how to stop them as quickly as possible in emergency situations. Considering the complex geological conditions, frequent extreme weather events and natural disasters as well as dangerous railway structure in China. Super braking for high-speed trains is proposed in this study to significantly reduce the current emergency braking distance in unexpected situations for preventing rear-end collisions or violent impacts with foreign objects on the track, and thereby avoiding serious traffic accidents. After an introduction of the concept of super braking, its research necessity and urgency, some essential correlations between friction and braking have been analyzed and difficulties and challenges are explored from emergency to super braking, several suggestions are proposed on super braking based on friction control. The study points out that super braking is a significant transformative technology, very important for the last line of safety defense, and will be one of the most important directions for the development of high-speed railway in China.

Key words: super braking, emergency braking, high-speed train, friction control, interface improving adhesion

中图分类号:

TH117

周仲荣. 关于高速列车超级制动研究的思考[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 208-215.

ZHOU Zhongrong. On Super Braking for High-speed Trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(11): 208-215.

参考文献

[1] 中国铁路总公司. TJ/CL342-2014 时速350公里中国标准动车组暂行技术条件[S]. 北京：中国铁路总公司办公厅，2014. China Railway Corporation. TJ/CL342-2014 provisional technical conditions for 350 km/h Chinese standard EMU [S]. Beijing: Office of China Railway Corporation，2014.
[2] 钱立新. 世界高速铁路技术[M]. 北京：中国铁道科学出版社，2003. QIAN Lixin. World high speed rail technology [M]. Beijing：China Railway Science Press，2003.
[3] 李毅. 高速列车紧急制动距离的探讨[J]. 大连交通大学学报，2014，35(5)：29-33. LI Yi. Discussion on emergency stopping distance of high-speed train [J]. Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University，2014，35(5)：29-33.
[4] D'AVICO L，TANELLI M，SAVARESI S M，et al. An anti-skid braking system for aircraft via Mixed-Slip- Deceleration control and Sliding Mode Obserever [C]// IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)，Melbourne，2017：4503-4508.
[5] 王文健，刘启跃. 轮轨黏着行为与增黏[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2017. WANG Wenjian，LIU Qiyue. Wheel-rail adhesion behavior and increasing adhesion [M]. Beijing：Science Press，2017.
[6] 北京地铁昌平线“12.14”列车追尾事故调查报告[EB/OL].(2024-02-05). 北京市政府事故调查组，2024年2月. https://yjglj.beijing.gov.cn/art/2024/2/5/art_7466_656.html. Investigation Report on the "12.14" Train Rear end Collision on the Changping Line of Beijing Subway [EB/OL]. (2024-02-05). Accident Investigation Team of Beijing Municipal Government，February 2024 https://yjglj.beijing.gov.cn/art/2024/2/5/art_7466_656.html.
[7] NAGASE K，NAKAMURA H. A study of adhesion between the rails and running wheels on main lines [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit，1989，203(16)：33-43.
[8] OHYAMA T. Tribological studies on adhesion phenomena between wheel and rail at high speeds [J]. Wear，1991，144(1)：263-275.
[9] 陈泽深. 轮轨间粘着机理的再认识[J]. 铁道机车车辆，1995(1)：19-26. CHEN Zeshen. Reunderstanding the adhesion mechanism between wheel and rail [J]. Railway Locomotive & Car，1995(1)：19-26.
[10] 常崇义，陈波，蔡园武，等. 基于全尺寸试验台的水介质条件下高速轮轨黏着特性试验研究[J]. 中国铁道科学，2019，40(2)：27-34. CHANG Chongyi，CHEN Bo，CAI Yuanwu，et al. Experimental study on adhesion property of high speed wheel and rail in wet condition by full scale roller rig [J]. China Railway Science，2019，40(2)：27-34.
[11] ZHANG Weihua，CHEN Jianzheng，WU Xuejie，et al. Wheel/rail adhesion and analysis by using full scale roller rig[J]. Wear，2002，253(1-2)：82-88.
[12] 坂上啓，苏令诗. 日本N700A新干线电动车组[J] .国外铁道车辆，2014，51(1)：14-19. SAKAUE H，SU Lingshi. The N700A shinkansen EMUs in Japan [J]. Foreign Rolling Stock，2014，51(1)：14-19.
[13] 彭俊彬. 动车组牵引与制动[M]. 北京：中国铁道出版社，2018. PENG Junbin. Emu traction and braking [M]. Beijing：China Railway Publishing House，2018.
[14] 梁德龙，尚小菲. 国内外轮轨增黏方式探讨[J]. 机车车辆工艺，2020(5)：9-11. LIANG Delong，SHANG Xiaofei. A study of the rail/wheel adhesion enhancement methods applied at home and abroad [J]. Locomotive & Rolling Stock Technology，2020(5)：9-11.
[15] SOSNOV I I，OSENIN Y Y，OSENIN Y I，et al. Improvement of adhesion of the wheels of the railway carriage to the rails by means of supply of the scale and magnetite particles to the contact zone [J]. Journal of Friction and Wear，2018，39(4)：330-334.
[16] 张国文. 踏面清扫器研磨子材料对动车安全可靠性影响的研究[D]. 北京：中国铁道科学研究院，2012. ZHANG Guowen. Study on abrasive block of tread cleaning influence of safety reliability for multiple unit train [D]. Beijing：China Academy of Railway Sciences，2012.
[17] SHI Lubing，LI Qun，KVARDA D，et al. Study on the wheel/rail adhesion restoration and damage evolution in the single application of alumina particles [J]. Wear，2019，426-427：1807-1819.
[18] 张振先，谭江，黄双超，等. 复杂运行环境下高速轮轨最佳撒砂增黏策略试验[J]. 中国铁道科学，2020，41(2)：123-130. ZHANG Zhenxian，TAN Jiang，HUANG Shuangchao，et al. Experimental study on optimum sanding and adhesion enhancement strantegy for high speed wheel and rail under complicated operation environments [J]. China Railway Science，2020，41(2)：123-130.
[19] 黄启芮，张沭玥，王文健，等. 钢轨轨面静电喷涂SiO₂ 增黏颗粒行为与利用率研究[J]. 表面技术，2023，52(6)：196-207. HUANG Qirui，ZHANG Shuyue，WANG Wenjian，et al. Behaviour and utilization rate of SiO₂ particles by electrostatic spraying on rail surface [J]. Surface Technology，2023，52(6)：196-207.
[20] 王文健，郭火明，刘启跃，等. 水油介质下研磨子对轮轨增黏与损伤影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2015，51(5)：71-75. WANG Wenjian，GUO Huoming，LIU Qiyue，et al. Effect of abrasive block on improving adhesion and damage of wheel/rail under the water and oil conditions [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2015，51(5)：71-75.
[21] KVARDA D，GALAS R，OMASTA M，et al. Asperity-based model for prediction of traction in water contaminated wheel-rail contact[J]. Tribology International，2021，157：106900.
[22] XIAO Yelong，ZHANG Zhongyi，YAO Pingping，et al. Mechanical and tribological behaviors of copper metal matrix composites for brake pads used in high-speed trains[J]. Tribology International，2018，119：585-592.
[23] 石晓玲，李强，宋占勋，等. 高速列车锻钢制动盘热疲劳裂纹耦合扩展特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2016，52(10)：126-132. SHI Xiaoling，LI Qiang，SONG Zhanxun，et al. Research on coupled extension characteristic of thermal fatigue cracks at forged brake disc for high speed train[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2016，52(10)：126-132.
[24] HARADA N，TAKUMA M，TSUJIKAWA M，et al. Effects of V addition on improvement of heat shock resistance and wear resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo cast steel brake disc[J]. Wear，2013，302(1-2)：1444-1452.
[25] 王欣，王国权，陈勇. 高速列车盘式制动器散热筋结构散热研究[J]. 机车电传动，2021(3)：94-99. WANG Xin，WANG Guoquan，CHEN Yong. Research on heat dissipation effect of radiator structure of disc brake for high-speed train [J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives，2021(3)：94-99.
[26] RODRIGUES A C P，ÖSTERLE W，GRADT T，et al. Impact of copper nanoparticles on tribofilm formation determined by pin-on-disc tests with powder supply：Addition of artificial third body consisting of Fe₃O₄，Cu and graphite [J]. Tribology International，2017，110：103-112.
[27] 张俊峰，邓璘. 列车制动用Cu基粉末闸片材料摩擦磨损性能分析[J]. 粉末冶金工业，2017，27(2)：38-41. ZHANG Junfeng，DENG Lin. Analysis of friction and wear properties of copper-based powder brake linings for train braking [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry，2017，27(2)：38-41.
[28] ZHANG Peng，ZHANG Lin，WEI Dongbin，et al. The synergistic effect of Cr and CrFe particles on the braking behavior of Cu-Based powder metallurgy brake pads [J]. Tribology Transactions，2019，62(6)：1072- 1085.
[29] TANG Bin，MO Jiliang，XU J W，et al. Effect of perforated structure of friction block on the wear，thermal distribution and noise characteristics of railway brake systems [J]. Wear，2019，426：1176-1186.
[30] WANG Z W，MO J L，WANG K Y，et al. A novel vehicle-track coupled dynamics model with disc brake systems: modelling and validation [J]. Vehicle System Dynamics，2024，62(4)：789-812.
[31] CHEN W，MO J L，WANG R X，et al. Fully coupled thermo-mechanical-wear analysis for brake interface of high-speed train [J]. Wear，2024，556-557：205510.