Al-Cu合金超低温变形行为及强化机制分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 制备Al-Cu二元合金作为模型材料，研究温度对其变形行为及强化机制的影响。通过单向拉伸测试、应变原位测量、电子显微镜观察等宏微观表征手段对比研究Al-Cu合金在不同温度下的力学性能、应变速率敏感性、塑性失稳现象 (Portevin-Le Chatelier，PLC)效应、位错演变及断口形貌，并通过相关经典理论建立起与温度相关联的强化模型。结果显示，Al-Cu合金的力学性能随温度降低先减弱后增强，越过123 K后可实现强度和伸长率的协同提升。同时，其变形转移模式随温度降低发生显著改变，由PLC带的循环传播转变为整体协调均匀变形。通过强化模型分析发现超低温对Al-Cu合金变形行为的影响主要归结于两类强化机制的竞争关系。随温度降低动态应变时效(Dynamic strain ageing，DSA)强化机制的削弱与其他强化机制的增强此消彼长，共同导致Al-Cu合金力学性能的先减弱后增强，为铝合金超低温成形技术的工艺实践提供理论基础。

关键词: 铝铜合金, 超低温, Portevin-Le Chatelier效应, 变形行为, 强化机制

Abstract: Al-Cu binary alloy is prepared as the model material, and the influence of temperature on its deformation behaviors and strengthening mechanism is studied. The mechanical properties, strain rate sensitivity, Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, dislocation evolution and fracture morphology of Al-Cu alloy at different temperatures are comprehensively studied by means of uniaxial tensile tests, in-situ strain measurement and electron microscopy observation. The temperature dependent strengthening model is established based on the classical theory. The results show that the mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy first weaken and then increase with decreasing temperature, and the strength and elongation of Al-Cu alloy can be enhanced simultaneously when the temperature is lower than 123 K. In addition, the deformation transfer mode changes significantly with the decrease of temperature, from the cyclic propagation of PLC band to the whole coordinated uniform deformation. Through strengthening model analysis, it is found that the influence of cryogenic temperature on the deformation behavior of Al-Cu alloy is mainly attributed to the competitive relationship between two kinds of strengthening mechanisms. The weakening of dynamic strain ageing and the strengthening of other mechanisms with decreasing temperature synergistically lead to the first weakening and then strengthening of mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy. It provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of cryogenic forming technology in aluminum alloys.

Key words: Al-Cu alloy, cryogenic temperature, Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, deformation behavior, strengthening mechanism

中图分类号:

TG111

王睿乾, 李鲁博, 刘伟. Al-Cu合金超低温变形行为及强化机制分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 45-55.

WANG Ruiqian, LI Lubo, LIU Wei. Analysis of Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of Al-Cu Alloy at Cryogenic Temperature[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 45-55.

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