手性力学超材料的非周期性设计与耐撞性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.17.266

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 手性力学超材料在结构上具有非对称的手性几何特征，在力学响应上展现出受压(或受拉)扭转的旋转自由度，在材料表征上不再满足传统的柯西弹性体，且其在缓冲吸能方面展露出的轻质、高比吸能的潜力，因此受到超材料领域学者的广泛关注。然而，一般的采用先设计单胞再进行周期性排布的方法以及增材制造工艺对结构形状的限制，在一定程度上阻碍了手性力学超材料的进一步发展与应用。同时，力学超材料的手性性质与其动态抗冲击性能的关联缺乏更系统与深入的研究。基于螺旋理论的手性排布规则分析了手性力学超材料的扭转机理，并提出了一种非周期性且关节增强的手性力学超材料设计方法，有效且高效地实现了多种构型的手性力学超材料的几何生成与有限元建模。在此设计框架下进一步提出了一系列评价指标表征了所设计超材料构型的整体手性、层间偏离性以及层间一致性等手性几何特性。用激光选区熔融(SLM)技术制造了以316L不锈钢作为基体的手性力学超材料，通过中应变率冲击工况下手性力学超材料耐撞性的仿真分析与试验验证，研究了手性力学超材料在冲击下的变形模式与失效机理，从材料比吸能、峰值力、溃缩量等吸能指标的分析中研究了超材料结构-性能关系及设计对其吸能性能的影响。

关键词: 手性力学超材料, 增材制造, 中应变率冲击, 耐撞性, 非周期性设计

Abstract: Chiral mechanical metamaterials with asymmetric chiral geometry can exhibit rotational degrees of freedom under compression (or tension). However, the traditional periodic method and the limitation of additive manufacturing process have blocked the further development and application of chiral mechanical metamaterial, and the correlation between the chiral structures and the dynamic impact resistance properties lacks more systematic and in-depth research. The compression-to-twist mechanism underlying chiral mechanical metamaterial is analyzed utilizing a general assembly rule based on screw theory, and an aperiodic design framework with joint enhanced method is proposed, which effectively and efficiently realizes the geometric modeling and finite element modeling of various chiral configurations. Furthermore, evaluative indexes are proposed to characterize the overall chirality, interlayer deviation and interlayer consistency of the designed metamaterial configurations. Considering the constraints of additive manufacturing, chiral mechanical metamaterial samples using 316L stainless steel are manufactured by laser selective melting (SLM) technology. Through simulation and experimental verification of impact behavior under medium strain rate, the deformation mode, specific energy absorption, and the first peak force of the chiral mechanical metamaterial are comprehensively analyzed. The relationship between the chiral indexes and the impact performance is explored, and the influence of geometric parameters on the energy absorption performance elucidates an effective property control method.

Key words: chiral mechanical metamaterial, additive manufacturing, energy absorption, crashworthiness, aperiodic design

中图分类号:

O342

徐蔚云, 张涵寓, 刘钊, 朱平. 手性力学超材料的非周期性设计与耐撞性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(17): 266-280.

XU Weiyun, ZHANG Hanyu, LIU Zhao, ZHU Ping. Aperiodic Design Framework of Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials Considering Crashworthiness[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(17): 266-280.

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