摆动激光填丝焊工艺参数对碳钢搭接角焊缝成形与力学性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.02.172

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于摆动激光填丝焊工艺，研究了激光倾角、激光功率以及焊接速度对于低碳钢搭接角焊缝表面三维形貌、宏观缺陷、显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明，小的激光倾角易导致焊跟附近产生未熔合以及楔形缺口缺陷，增大激光倾角以及增大激光焊接速度同时增大焊接功率可以改善上述问题；焊缝熔化区的组织主要为板条马氏体，靠近母材侧的热影响区组织为铁素体+珠光体，且珠光体含量高于母材，靠近熔化区组织主要为铁素体+马氏体+渗碳体；较小的焊缝宽度、焊缝高度和显著的楔形缺口均会导致断裂发生在熔化区内部，进而造成拉伸过程中的过早失效，严重降低拉剪测试中的能量吸收水平。结合试验研究及激光能量分布计算，明确了激光倾角对于摆动激光填丝焊焊缝成形性能、组织及性能的影响规律及作用机理，并通过对激光倾角、激光功率及焊接速度的调控与匹配，获得了无缺陷的焊缝成形，实现了与母材强度相当的高质量接头。

关键词: 摆动激光填丝焊, 搭接角焊缝, 显微组织, 力学性能, 断裂模式

Abstract: Based on the oscillation laser welding with filler wire, the effects of laser tilt angle, laser power and welding speed on the surface 3D appearance, macro defects, microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel joints in lap fillet configuration were investigated. The results indicate that the comparatively low laser tilt angle results in incomplete fusion and wedge-shaped notches around the weld root. These defects can be modified by increasing the laser tilt angle, laser power and welding speed, simultaneously. The microstructure in the fusion zone (FZ) is mainly lath martensite, while it is ferrite and pearlite in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the base metal, which contains more pearlite than the base metal. The dominant phases in the HAZ near the FZ are ferrite, martensite and cementite. Narrowed weld width, shortened weld height and significant wedge-shaped notch can cause crack propagation through the FZ, resultantly lead to premature failure, which reflects a severe reduction in energy absorption during the tensile-shear tests. Resultantly, the influence mechanism of laser tilt angle on the weld seam formability, microstructure and mechanical properties of oscillation laser welded joints with filler wire were clarified via the experiment and laser energy distribution calculation. Through the regulation and matching of laser tilt angle, laser power and welding speed, the defect-free weld joints with the same strength as the base metal were obtained.

Key words: oscillation laser welding with filler wire, lap fillet weld, microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture modes

中图分类号:

TG456

吴贯之, 陈楠楠, 石华兵, 刘坤山, 孔谅, 王敏. 摆动激光填丝焊工艺参数对碳钢搭接角焊缝成形与力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(2): 172-180.

WU Guanzhi, CHEN Nannan, SHI Huabing, LIU Kunshan, KONG Liang, WANG Min. Influence of Welding Parameters on Formation and Mechanical Properties of Lap Fillet Welded Carbon Steel Joints in Oscillation Laser Welding with Filler Wire[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(2): 172-180.

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