440 MPa级免涂装耐候钢用焊丝熔敷金属的强韧化机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.08.159

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪等方法，对440 MPa级免涂装耐候钢用焊丝熔敷金属的组织和性能进行测试表征，重点研究熔敷金属的强韧化机理。结果表明，熔敷金属的柱状晶组织由先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体、针状铁素体和少量M-A组元组成，焊道间组织由准多边形铁素体和少量M-A组元组成；熔敷金属的屈服强度为482.5 MPa，抗拉强度为565 MPa，断后伸长率为30%，断面收缩率为77.5%，-40 ℃冲击吸收功为187.6 J，强韧性匹配良好；细晶强化是熔敷金属最重要的强化方式，固溶强化和位错强化对强度的贡献较小，但未发生析出强化；针状铁素体和准多边形铁素体阻碍裂纹扩展能力较强，提高冲击韧性，但是先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体和M-A组元阻碍裂纹扩展能力较弱，且M-A组元易诱发微裂纹，降低冲击韧性。研究为440 MPa级免涂装耐候钢用焊接材料研制提供了参考。

关键词: 440 MPa级免涂装耐候钢, 气保护实心焊丝, 熔敷金属, 显微组织, 强韧化机理

Abstract: The microstructure and mechanical properties of welding wire deposited metal for 440 MPa grade uncoating weathering steel were tested and characterized by using equipments such as optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the strengthening and toughening mechanism of the deposited metal was studied. The results show that the columnar crystal microstructure of the deposited metal are composed of proeutectoid ferrite, ferrite side paltes, acicular ferrite and a small amount of M-A constituent, and the weld beads is composed of quasi polygonal ferrite and a small amount of M-A constituent; The yield strength of the deposited metal is 482.5 MPa, the tensile strength is 565 MPa, the elongation after fracture is 30%, the reduction of area is 77.5%, and the impact absorption energy at -40 ℃ is 187.6 J, the strength and toughness match is excellent; Fine grain strengthening is the most important strengthening method for deposited metals, and solid solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening contribute less to strength, precipitation strengthening does not occur in the deposited metal; The acicular ferrite and quasi polygonal ferrite have strong resistance to crack growth, thus improving impact toughness, but proeutectoid ferrite, ferrite side paltes and M-A constituent have weak resistance to crack growth, and M-A constituent is prone to induce microcracks, thus reducing impact toughness. This study provides a reference for the development of welding materials for 440 MPa grade uncoating weather-resistant steel.

Key words: 440 MPa grade uncoating weathering steel, gas-shielded solid welding wire, deposited metal, microstructure, strengthening and toughening mechanism

中图分类号:

TG445

安同邦, 曾道平, 历承业, 吴占民, 马成勇, 彭云. 440 MPa级免涂装耐候钢用焊丝熔敷金属的强韧化机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(8): 159-169.

AN Tongbang, ZENG Daoping, LI Chengye, WU Zhanmin, MA Chengyong, PENG Yun. Study on Strengthening and Toughening Mechanism of Deposited Metal Form Welding Wire for 440 MPa Grade Uncoating Weathering Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(8): 159-169.

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