离子液基和棕榈油基纳米流体在镍基高温合金微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.19.159

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究离子液基和棕榈油基纳米流体在微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理，以[BMIM]BF₄离子液和棕榈油为基液，采用五种纳米颗粒，分别制备了离子液基和棕榈油基纳米流体，开展了干磨、微量润滑和纳米流体微量润滑工况下镍基高温合金GH4169的磨削加工试验，对比分析了棕榈油基和离子液基纳米流体的微量润滑磨削加工性能，进一步揭示了其在磨粒/工件磨削界面抗磨减摩的摩擦学机理。研究表明，在降低磨削力方面，[BMIM]BF₄离子液的效果较棕榈油更为显著，其法向力比棕榈油低10%以上。但棕榈油在减小磨削力比和表面粗糙度方面表现得更为显著。棕榈油只在磨粒/工件磨削界面形成了物理吸附膜，而[BMIM]BF₄离子液同时形成了物理吸附膜与化学反应膜，且化学反应膜内富含低剪切强度的氟化亚铁(FeF₂)。固体纳米颗粒的润滑性能排序如下：二维层状(石墨烯、二硫化钼)>三维球形(氧化铝、铜)>一维管状(多壁碳纳米管)。一维管状碳纳米管只有其轴线与磨粒运动方向垂直时才起到“类轴承”作用，二维层状的石墨烯与二硫化钼通过发生层间剪切行为起到抗磨减摩作用，高硬度类三维球形氧化铝颗粒起到“类轴承”和机械抛光作用，低硬度类三维球形铜纳米颗粒通过发生压缩变形和铺展成膜等行为形成固体润滑膜。

关键词: 磨削, 微量润滑, 纳米流体, 离子液体, 棕榈油, 镍基合金

Abstract: To investigate the tribological mechanism on the grinding interface under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with ionic liquid and palm oil based nanofluids, nanofluids are prepared with [BMIM]BF₄ ionic liquid and palm oil as base fluid, and with five kinds of nanoparticles.Grinding experiments are performed under dry, MQL and nanofluid MQL conditions.The MQL grinding performance of ionic liquid and palm oil based nanofluids is compared, and their tribological mechanism of anti-wear and friction-reducing on grain/workpiece grinding interface is further revealed.The results show that [BMIM]BF₄ ionic liquid is more significant than palm oil in terms of reducing grinding force, the normal grinding force of [BMIM]BF₄ ionic liquid is lower by more than 10% compared with palm oil.However, palm oil is more remarkable in the aspect of reducing grinding force ratio and surface roughness.Only physical adsorption film is formed on the grinding interface with palm oil, whereas both physical adsorption film and chemical reaction film are formed with [BMIM]BF₄ ionic liquid.The chemical reaction film is rich in ferrous fluoride (FeF₂), of which the shear strength is low.The lubricating performance of the nanoparticles can be sorted as follow: two-dimensional layer structure (graphene (GN), molybdenum dioxide (MoS₂)) > three-dimensional spherical structure (aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), copper (Cu)) > one-dimensional tubular structure (multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)).One-dimensional tubular MWCNT plays a role similar to rolling bearings only when its axis is perpendicular to grain moving direction.GN and MoS₂ with two-dimensional layer structure play the role of anti-wear and friction-reducing through their interlayer shear effect.Al₂O₃ nanoparticle, possessing three-dimensional spherical structure and high-hardness, also play a role like rolling bearings, and take the effect of mechanical polishing.Cu nanoparticle, also possessing three-dimensional spherical structure but low-hardness, form a layer of solid lubricating film through a series of tribological behaviors such compression and spread.

Key words: grinding, minimum quantity lubrication, nanofluid, ionic liquid, palm oil, nickel-based alloy

中图分类号:

TG156

王德祥, 张宇, 江京亮, 刘新福, 刘国梁. 离子液基和棕榈油基纳米流体在镍基高温合金微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(19): 159-171.

WANG Dexiang, ZHANG Yu, JIANG Jingliang, LIU Xinfu, LIU Guoliang. Tribological Mechanism on the Grinding Interface of Nickel-base Superalloy under Minimum Quantity Lubrication with Ionic Liquid and Palm Oil Based Nanofluids[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(19): 159-171.

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