• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 52-60.doi: 10.3901/JME.260105

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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智能夹具用高精度夹持力传感器研究

赵友1, 赵玉龙1, 郭鑫良1, 王建军1, 蔡永康1, 陈兆翔1, 郭振飞2   

  1. 1. 西安交通大学精密微纳制造技术全国重点实验室 西安 710054;
    2. 陕西省计量科学研究院 西安 710199
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-09-16 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 作者简介:赵友,男,1990年出生,副研究员。主要研究方向为MEMS高温压力/振动传感器、切削力传感器与智能刀具。E-mail:zhaoyou628@xjtu.edu.cn
    赵玉龙(通信作者),男,1968年出生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为MEMS技术、传感器技术及微纳制造等领域的基础理论和工程应用方面。E-mail:zhaoyulong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
    郭鑫良,男,2000年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为MEMS传感器与智能夹具。E-mail:guo_xin_liang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
    王建军,男,1968年出生,高级工程师。主要研究方向为MEMS传感器设计制造与工程应用。E-mail:wjjzi70@163.com
    蔡永康,男,2000年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为MEMS传感器与智能刀具。E-mail:Caiyongkang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
    陈兆翔,男,1988年出生,工程师。主要研究方向为超精密加工与测量。E-mail:chenzhaoxiang@xjtu.edu.cn
    郭振飞,男,1997年出生,助理工程师。主要研究方向为力值硬度计量技术。E-mail:869165031@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2022JBGS3-10)。

Research on High Precision Clamping Force Sensor for Intelligent Fixture

ZHAO You1, ZHAO Yulong1, GUO Xinliang1, WANG Jianjun1, CAI Yongkang1, CHEN Zhaoxiang1, GUO Zhenfei2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054;
    2. Shaanxi Institute of Metrology Science, Xi'an 710199
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-09-16 Published:2026-04-02

摘要: 在精密机械加工过程中,零件受机床夹具夹持的稳定性与可靠性直接影响零件加工的表面质量和尺寸精度。为在线测量机械加工过程中零件所受夹持力的大小及其动态变化情况,提出一种基于压阻式测力芯片的内嵌式智能夹具夹持力传感器设计与制造方法。该智能夹具内部封装有夹持力传感器,夹持力传感器以智能夹具的拉杆作为弹性敏感元件,压阻式测力芯片粘贴在拉杆上检测拉杆受到的拉力,并根据智能夹具内部结构关系将拉力转换为夹持力。通过理论计算和有限元仿真方法,对拉杆强度、传感器固有频率、夹持力与拉杆拉力之间的换算关系进行了分析。加工制造智能夹具零部件,并通过内嵌式封装的方法实现夹持力传感器与夹具的集成封装。通过静态和动态性能测试研究了传感器的综合性能技术指标。所研制的夹持力传感器的直线度为-0.31%FS、滞后为0.39%FS、重复性为0.18%FS,安装固有频率为154 Hz,对应可用的最高机床主轴转速为6 930 r/min。所研制的智能夹具夹持力传感器具有良好的静态和动态特性,能够满足精密加工过程中零件夹持力的在线与动态检测应用需求。

关键词: 智能夹具, 夹持力传感器, 在线, 动态检测

Abstract: In precision machining, the stability and reliability of workpiece clamping by machine tool fixtures directly influence the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined parts. To enable online measurement of the magnitude and dynamic variations of clamping force during machining, a design and manufacturing method for an intelligent fixture with embedded clamping force sensor based on piezoresistive force-sensing chips is proposed. The intelligent fixture incorporates internally packaged clamping force sensors, which utilize the fixture’s tie rod as an elastic sensitive element. Piezoresistive force-sensing chips are bonded to the tie rod to perceive the tensile force, and this tensile force is converted into clamping force according to the internal structural relationships of the intelligent fixture. Theoretical calculations and finite element simulations are employed to analyze the tie rod strength, sensor natural frequency, and the conversion relationship between clamping force and tie rod tension. Components of the intelligent fixture are manufactured, and integration of the clamping force sensor with the fixture is achieved through embedded packaging techniques. Comprehensive performance metrics of the sensor are investigated through static and dynamic performance tests. The developed clamping force sensor exhibits a linearity of -0.31% FS, hysteresis of 0.39% FS, and repeatability of 0.18% FS. Its mounted natural frequency reaches 154 Hz, corresponding to an applicable maximum machine tool spindle speed of 6 930 r/min. The developed intelligent fixture-integrated clamping force sensor demonstrates excellent static and dynamic characteristics, fulfilling the requirements for online and dynamic monitoring of workpiece clamping force in precision machining applications.

Key words: intelligent fixture, clamping force sensor, online, dynamic detection

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