投影式生物3D打印：原理、挑战与应用

doi:10.3901/JME.260070

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 46-69.doi: 10.3901/JME.260070

• 特邀专栏：增材制造技术 • 上一篇

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投影式生物3D打印：原理、挑战与应用

何超凡^1,2, 吴琦林^1,2, 乔天鸿^1,2, 孙元^1,2, 高庆³, 王鹏³, 马梁¹, 尹俊¹, 杨华勇¹, 贺永^1,2

1. 浙江大学流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室杭州 310027;
2. 浙江大学浙江省增材制造技术与装备重点实验室杭州 310027;
3. 苏州永沁泉智能设备有限公司苏州 215100

修回日期:2025-05-23 接受日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2026-03-25
作者简介:何超凡,男,1998年出生,博士后。主要研究方向生物3D打印。E-mail:chaofan.h@zju.edu.cn
杨华勇,男,1961年出生,教授,中国工程院院士。主要研究方向为流体传动与控制、生物制造等。E-mail:yhy@zju.edu.cn
贺永(通信作者),男,1979年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为增材制造、生物制造、医疗器械。E-mail:yongqin@zju.edu.cn

Projection-enabled 3D Bioprinting: Principles, Challenges, and Strategies

HE Chaofan^1,2, WU Qilin^1,2, QIAO Tianhong^1,2, SUN Yuan^1,2, GAO Qing³, WANG Peng³, MA Liang¹, YIN Jun¹, YANG Huayong¹, HE Yong^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027;
2. Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027;
3. Suzhou Yongqinquan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215100

Revised:2025-05-23 Accepted:2025-10-31 Published:2026-03-25
Supported by:
国家重点研发计划(2024YFB4607700)，国家自然科学基金重点(52235007)、国家自然科学基金创新研究群体(T2121004)、国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(52325504)、国家卫生健康委员会科研基金—浙江省卫生健康重大科技计划(WKJ-ZJ-2507)和浙江大学李达三·叶耀珍再生医学发展基金资助项目。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 投影式3D打印是一种基于光聚合原理的增材制造技术，通过利用空间光调制器生成动态掩膜，并将位图图像投射到光敏材料表面，以实现固化成形。投影技术可分为面投影和体投影两类，在众多3D打印技术中，面投影技术具有最高的分辨率/制造时间比，而体投影技术则具有远超传统打印技术的打印速度，因而投影式3D打印被视为极具潜力的技术路线。然而，当该技术应用于生物3D打印领域，即采用含细胞的生物墨水时，其可打印性、分辨率以及墨水要求会发生显著变化，进而带来诸多挑战。本综述系统总结了投影式生物3D打印的技术原理与关键挑战，分析了近年来的新技术与新应用，并结合生物医学的应用需求，总结了切实可行的优化策略，旨在为该领域的研究与发展提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 3D打印, 生物制造, 光固化打印, 生物墨水, 体积打印

Abstract: Projection-based 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology grounded in the principle of photopolymerization. It employs a spatial light modulator to generate a dynamic mask and projects a bitmap image onto the surface of photosensitive materials to achieve curing and forming. Projection techniques can be categorized into two types: surface projection and volumetric projection. Among the various 3D printing technologies, surface projection offers the highest resolution/time to manufacturing ratio, while volumetric projection boasts printing speeds that far surpass those of traditional printing methods. Consequently, projection-enabled 3D printing is regarded as a highly promising technological approach. However, when applied to bioprinting—specifically with the use of cell-laden bioinks—its printability, resolution, and ink requirements undergo significant changes, presenting a range of challenges. This review systematically summarizes technical principles and primary challenges of projection-enabled 3D bioprinting, analyzes recent advancements in techniques and applications, and proposes practical optimization strategies tailored to the demands of biomedical applications. It aims to provide valuable insights and references for research and development in this field.

Key words: 3D printing, biofabrication, light-based 3D printing, bioink, volumetric printing

中图分类号:

R318

何超凡, 吴琦林, 乔天鸿, 孙元, 高庆, 王鹏, 马梁, 尹俊, 杨华勇, 贺永. 投影式生物3D打印：原理、挑战与应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 46-69.

HE Chaofan, WU Qilin, QIAO Tianhong, SUN Yuan, GAO Qing, WANG Peng, MA Liang, YIN Jun, YANG Huayong, HE Yong. Projection-enabled 3D Bioprinting: Principles, Challenges, and Strategies[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 46-69.

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投影式生物3D打印：原理、挑战与应用

Projection-enabled 3D Bioprinting: Principles, Challenges, and Strategies

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