连续纤维3D打印张力自适应调控方法和装置优化研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.05.250

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在连续纤维3D打印过程中，打印喷头无规则、随机运动的特点极易导致纤维松弛。针对现有机械式或PID张力控制方法仅可实现张力单向调节，不能实现纤维回抽和张力双向调节的问题，提出连续纤维3D打印张力自适应双向调控方法。首先，开展张力自适应调控系统设计，搭建了连续纤维张力自适应双向调控装置并开展不同工况下的张力实验。随后，分析了初始装置的缺点，并将装置进行结构优化。最后，研究了装置优化前后系统在不同工况下的张力控制精度。研究结果表明，该张力自适应调控系统已初步实现连续纤维在不同收卷速度和张力设置值的张力控制，并且在收线辊正向加速、反向加速、正反向混合变速情况下具有快速调节能力，可将张力的最大误差和平均误差控制在0.24 N和0.097 N。装置优化后，系统的控制精度有明显提升，张力最大误差和平均误差分别减小至0.16 N和0.065 2 N。

关键词: 连续纤维, 3D打印, 张力调控, 自适应方法, 调控精度

Abstract: In 3D printing process of continuous fiber, the irregular and random movement of the printing nozzle easily leads to fiber relaxation. Aiming at the problem that mechanical or PID tension control methods can only achieve unidirectional tension adjustment and cannot achieve fiber withdrawal or bidirectional tension adjustment, a tension-adaptive bidirectional control method for continuous fiber in 3D printing process is proposed. Firstly, a tension-adaptive control system is designed, and a tension-adaptive bidirectional control device for continuous fiber is built to carry out tension experiments under different working conditions. Subsequently, the shortcomings of the initial device are analyzed and the device is structurally optimized. Finally, the tension control accuracy of the system under different working conditions before and after device optimization was studied. The results show that the tension adaptive control system has initially realized the tension control of continuous fiber at different winding speeds and tension setting values, and has the ability of rapid adjustment in the case of forward acceleration, reverse acceleration, and forward-reverse mixed speed changing process, and it can control the maximum error and average error of tension at 0.24 N and 0.097 N. After device optimization, the control accuracy of the system is significantly improved, and the maximum and average errors of tension are reduced to 0.16 N and 0.065 2 N.

Key words: continuous fiber, 3D printing, tension control, adaptive method, control accuracy

中图分类号:

TD406

刘晓军, 单忠德, 刘检华, 刘丰, 李志坤, 张敬科, 郭珍珍. 连续纤维3D打印张力自适应调控方法和装置优化研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 250-262.

LIU Xiaojun, SHAN Zhongde, LIU Jianhua, LIU Feng, LI Zhikun, ZHANG Jingke, GUO Zhenzhen. Research on Tension Adaptive Control Method and Device Optimization for 3D Printing Technology of Continuous Fiber[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(5): 250-262.

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