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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 170-178.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.01.170

• 特邀专栏：高性能制造专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

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水溶性氧化钙陶瓷型芯的挤出式3D打印参数优化与表面精度控制研究

穆英朋1,2, 刘富初1,2,3,4, 张驰1,4, 黄捷飞1,2, 刘鑫1, 韩光超1,2, 樊自田3, 许峰4   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(武汉)机械与电子信息学院 武汉 430074;
    2. 中国地质大学深圳研究院 深圳 518057;
    3. 华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室 武汉 430074;
    4. 荆门市炬峰机械设备制造有限公司 荆门 448000
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-10 修回日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 作者简介:穆英朋，男，1997年出生。主要研究方向为水溶性陶瓷型芯增材制造。E-mail：muyingpeng@cug.edu.cn
    刘富初(通信作者)，男，1987年出生，工学博士/博士后，副教授。主要研究方向为陶瓷增材制造和轻合金精密铸造等。E-mail：liufuchu@cug.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金自由探索类基础研究(2021Szvup158，2021Szvup159)、材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金(P20121-020)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(CUG2106346)、国家自然科学基金(51775204)、湖北省揭榜制科技(2021BEC010)、湖北省支持企业技术创新发展(高新技术企业类)(2021BAB050)、中国地质大学(武汉)教学实验室开放基金(SKJ2021113，SKJ2021131，SKJ2022119，No.SKJ2022136)和大学生创新创业训练计划(202210491005，S202210491083，X202210491025，X202210491029)资助项目。

Parameter Optimization and Surface Accuracy Control of Water Soluble Calcia Ceramic Core Prepared by Extrusion 3D Printing Technology

MU Yingpeng1,2, LIU Fuchu1,2,3,4, ZHANG Chi1,4, HUANG Jiefei1,2, LIU Xin1, HAN Guangchao1,2, FAN Zitian3, XU Feng4   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074;
    2. Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen 518057;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074;
    4. Jingmen Jufeng Machinery Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Jingmen 448000
  • Received:2023-01-10 Revised:2023-06-05 Published:2024-03-15

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摘要： 挤出式3D打印成形水溶性氧化钙陶瓷型芯可高质高效成形复杂内腔铸造构件，铸件内腔的残留型芯用水溶解即可快速清理，在复杂内腔构件精密铸造领域具有较大的应用潜力。以针头内径、层高/内径比值、打印速度和内部填充方向四个关键工艺参数进行四因素三水平正交试验，通过对不同工艺参数的3D打印成型坯体进行表面粗糙度测量与统计，采用极差分析确定各个打印参数对坯体表面质量影响的主次顺序，并得到挤出式3D打印氧化钙陶瓷型芯的最优打印参数。结果表明，内部填充方向对型芯坯体表面成形质量有显著的影响，当内部填充方向与外轮廓呈45°和90°时，内部填充浆料与外轮廓层有较多的拐点，拐点处的成形方向发生突变，进而造成挤出压力方向发生突变并作用于外轮廓层，外轮廓层变得凹凸不平，层层堆积成形的坯体表面粗糙度较大、表面质量较差。当针头内径为0.41 mm、层高/内径比值为70%、打印速度为20 mm/s、内部填充方向与外轮廓层平行时，坯体表面粗糙度最小，型芯坯体表面质量最好。通过增加外轮廓层数来可以有效地减小甚至消除填充方向对坯体表面粗糙度的影响，当外轮廓增加至两层时型芯坯体表面粗糙度降低了近22%，这对水溶性陶瓷型芯的快速精确成形具有重要意义。

关键词: 氧化钙陶瓷型芯, 挤出式3D打印, 内部填充方向, 外轮廓层数

Abstract: Water-soluble calcia ceramic core prepared by extrusion 3D printing technology is used to form complex internal cavity casting components with high quality and efficiency, and the residual cores after casting are quickly removed by dissolving with water, which possesses a large potential for application in precision casting of complex internal cavity components. A four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment is conducted with four key process parameters: needle diameter, layer height/needle diameter ratio, printing speed, and internal filling direction. By measuring and counting the surface roughness of 3D printed forming green bodies with different process parameters, the influences of each printing parameter on the surface quality of the printed green bodies are determined using extreme difference analysis, and the optimal printing parameters for extrusion 3D printing of calcia ceramic cores were obtained. The results show that the internal filling direction has a significant effect on the surface-forming quality of the green bodies. When the internal filling direction is 45 ° and 90 ° to the outer contour, there are many inflection points between the internal filling slurry and the outer contour layer, and the forming direction at the inflection point changes suddenly, resulting in sudden changes in the direction of the extrusion pressure and acting on the outer contour layer, the outer contour layer becomes uneven, and the surface roughness of the green body formed layer by layer by layer is large poor surface quality. When the needle inner diameter is 0.41 mm, the layer height/needle diameter ratio is 70% , the printing speed is 20 mm/s, and the internal filling direction is parallel to the outer contour layer, the surface roughness of the green body is the minimum, and the surface quality of the core green body is the best. By increasing the number of layers of the outer profile, the influence of the filling direction on the surface roughness of the blank can be effectively reduced or even eliminated, when the outer profile is increased to two layers, the surface roughness of the core blank is reduced by about 22%, which is important for the rapid and accurate forming of water-soluble ceramic cores.

Key words: calcia ceramic cores, extrusion 3D Printing, internal filling direction, number of outer profile layers

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