• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 250-262.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.05.250

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇    

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连续纤维3D打印张力自适应调控方法和装置优化研究

刘晓军1,2, 单忠德3, 刘检华1, 刘丰2, 李志坤2, 张敬科2, 郭珍珍2   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院 北京 100081;
    2. 先进成形技术与装备全国重点实验室 北京 100044;
    3. 南京航空航天大学机电学院 南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23 修回日期:2024-10-19 发布日期:2025-04-15
  • 作者简介:刘晓军,男,1993年出生,博士研究生,工程师。主要研究方向为连续纤维增强复合材料增材制造工艺与装备。E-mail:liuxj0304@163.com;刘检华(通信作者),男,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为数字化制造技术。E-mail:jeffliu@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4605302)和中国机械科学研究总院技术发展基金(332301Q9, 332202Q9, 332201Q9)资助项目。

Research on Tension Adaptive Control Method and Device Optimization for 3D Printing Technology of Continuous Fiber

LIU Xiaojun1,2, SHAN Zhongde3, LIU Jianhua1, LIU Feng2, LI Zhikun2, ZHANG Jingke2, GUO Zhenzhen2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment, Beijing 100044;
    3. College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016
  • Received:2024-04-23 Revised:2024-10-19 Published:2025-04-15

摘要: 在连续纤维3D打印过程中,打印喷头无规则、随机运动的特点极易导致纤维松弛。针对现有机械式或PID张力控制方法仅可实现张力单向调节,不能实现纤维回抽和张力双向调节的问题,提出连续纤维3D打印张力自适应双向调控方法。首先,开展张力自适应调控系统设计,搭建了连续纤维张力自适应双向调控装置并开展不同工况下的张力实验。随后,分析了初始装置的缺点,并将装置进行结构优化。最后,研究了装置优化前后系统在不同工况下的张力控制精度。研究结果表明,该张力自适应调控系统已初步实现连续纤维在不同收卷速度和张力设置值的张力控制,并且在收线辊正向加速、反向加速、正反向混合变速情况下具有快速调节能力,可将张力的最大误差和平均误差控制在0.24 N和0.097 N。装置优化后,系统的控制精度有明显提升,张力最大误差和平均误差分别减小至0.16 N和0.065 2 N。

关键词: 连续纤维, 3D打印, 张力调控, 自适应方法, 调控精度

Abstract: In 3D printing process of continuous fiber, the irregular and random movement of the printing nozzle easily leads to fiber relaxation. Aiming at the problem that mechanical or PID tension control methods can only achieve unidirectional tension adjustment and cannot achieve fiber withdrawal or bidirectional tension adjustment, a tension-adaptive bidirectional control method for continuous fiber in 3D printing process is proposed. Firstly, a tension-adaptive control system is designed, and a tension-adaptive bidirectional control device for continuous fiber is built to carry out tension experiments under different working conditions. Subsequently, the shortcomings of the initial device are analyzed and the device is structurally optimized. Finally, the tension control accuracy of the system under different working conditions before and after device optimization was studied. The results show that the tension adaptive control system has initially realized the tension control of continuous fiber at different winding speeds and tension setting values, and has the ability of rapid adjustment in the case of forward acceleration, reverse acceleration, and forward-reverse mixed speed changing process, and it can control the maximum error and average error of tension at 0.24 N and 0.097 N. After device optimization, the control accuracy of the system is significantly improved, and the maximum and average errors of tension are reduced to 0.16 N and 0.065 2 N.

Key words: continuous fiber, 3D printing, tension control, adaptive method, control accuracy

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