基于车下悬吊设备主动吸振的高速列车车体横向振动抑制效果分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260687

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对高速列车在长期服役环境下横向异常振动时有发生、被动悬挂系统抑制效果有限的问题，构建基于车下悬吊设备的高速列车车体横向振动机理模型和非线性动力学仿真模型，探讨车下悬吊设备吸振的可行性，依托联合仿真平台，研究在频变谐波激励(一次蛇行、二次蛇行)及随机激励工况下，比例-积分-微分控制(Proportional-integral-derivative control，PID)、天棚阻尼控制及滑模控制(Sliding mode control，SMC)三种全主动控制策略对车辆横向振动的抑制性能。机理分析验证了车下悬吊设备采用主动吸振抑制车体横向振动的可行性，仿真结果表明所研究的三种主动控制策略均对车体横向稳定性存在正向调控作用，悬吊设备通过动力吸振作用实现车体振动能量的有效耗散，同时不会恶化转向架常规动力学性能。其中，滑模控制因兼具强非线性鲁棒性与自适应调节特性，其抑振效果显著优于其余两种策略。文中所提出的基于车下悬吊设备主动吸振的车体横向振动控制方法，有望为现有高速列车的性能提升及新型高速列车的研发提供重要技术参考。

关键词: 主动动力吸振, 高速列车, 车体横向振动, 车下悬吊设备, 振动控制

Abstract: To address frequent lateral abnormal vibrations in long-term serving high-speed trains and the limited suppression of passive suspension systems, a lateral vibration mechanism model and a multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic simulation model based on underframe suspended equipment are established. The feasibility of its vibration absorption is explored, and via a co-simulation platform, the suppression performance of three fully active control strategies (proportional-integral-derivative control, skyhook damper, sliding mode control) is investigated under frequency-varying harmonic excitation (primary/secondary hunting) and random excitation. Mechanism analysis confirms the engineering feasibility of using the equipment’s active vibration absorption to suppress carbody lateral vibration. Simulation results show all three strategies positively regulate carbody lateral stability：the equipment dissipates carbody vibration energy effectively via dynamic vibration absorption without deteriorating bogie dynamic performance. Among them, Sliding mode control, with strong nonlinear robustness and adaptive adjustment, outperforms the other two in vibration suppression. The proposed method is expected to provide important technical references for improving existing high-speed trains and developing new-generation ones.

Key words: active dynamic vibration absorber, high-speed railway vehicle, carbody lateral vibration, underframe suspended equipment, vibration control

中图分类号:

U270

杜万梁, 汪群生, 武士栋, 蒋雪松, 曾京, 屈升. 基于车下悬吊设备主动吸振的高速列车车体横向振动抑制效果分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 295-308.

DU Wanliang, WANG Qunsheng, WU Shidong, JIANG Xuesong, ZENG Jing, QU Sheng. Analysis of Lateral Vibration Suppression of High-speed Train Carbody Using Active Underframe Suspended Equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 295-308.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/295

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