高速列车蛇行运动稳定性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260614

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蛇行运动是铁道车辆固有属性，其稳定性直接决定列车最高行驶速度。列车在高速运行过程中一旦出现蛇行运动失稳，将对列车运行平稳性和安全性产生重要影响。系统研究了高速列车蛇行运动行为特征、分岔机理、评价方法和提升技术等方面。首先，从车体蛇行和转向架蛇行及蛇行失稳诱发车体抖动等方面，阐述高速列车蛇行运动的主要表现形式。其次，综述蛇行运动的分岔机理，包括蛇行分岔类型、车辆系统的非线性因素及Hopf分岔点和极限环计算方法。随后，重点阐述现有的蛇行稳定性评价方法，如轮对极限环法、转向架蛇行失稳判别法、车体晃动/抖动检测方法，并对不同评判方法进行对比分析。在此基础上，探讨提升蛇行稳定性的关键技术，包括轮轨接触关系改进、悬挂系统参数优化、模态匹配设计以及主动控制策略。可为高速列车蛇行运动稳定性研究与工程设计提供理论指导和技术保障。

关键词: 高速列车, 蛇行运动, 分岔机理, 评价方法, 控制技术

Abstract: Hunting motion is the inherent property of railway vehicles, and its stability directly determines the highest running speeds of the trains. The loss of stability in case occurs for the train in high speed operation, that will significantly affact the ride comfort and safety of the trains. The behavioral characteristics, bifurcation mechanisms, evaluation methods and enhancement technologies of hunting motions for high-speed trains is studied. Firstly, the main manifestations of hunting motion including carbody hunting, bogie hunting and induced carbody shaking are described. Secondly, the bifurcation mechanisms of hunting motion are summarized, covering bifurcation types, nonlinear factors of vehicle systems, Hopf bifurcation point and limit cycle computation methods. Subsequently, existing stability evaluation methods are discussed in detail, such as the wheelset limit cycle method, bogie hunting instability determination method, and carbody swaying/shaking detection method, with a comparative analysis of their advantages and limitations. On this basis, key technologies for improving hunting stability are explored, including wheel–rail contact improvement, suspension parameter optimization, modal matching design, and active control strategies. This review is expected to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for research and engineering practice on the hunting motion stability of high-speed trains.

Key words: high speed train, hunting motion, bifurcation mechanism, evaluation method, control technology

中图分类号:

U270

魏来, 曾京, 罗仁, 凌亮, 黄彩虹, 汪群生, 李晓峰. 高速列车蛇行运动稳定性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 1-28.

WEI Lai, ZENG Jing, LUO Ren, LING Liang, HUANG Caihong, WANG Qunsheng, LI Xiaofeng. Study on Hunting Stability of High-speed Trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 1-28.

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