金属挤出式增材制造烧结过程解析建模与数值模拟

doi:10.3901/JME.260593

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (11): 249-260.doi: 10.3901/JME.260593

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇

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金属挤出式增材制造烧结过程解析建模与数值模拟

王福吉^1,2,3, 袁翔宇^1,2,3, 尤思尧^1,2,3, 王公硕^1,2,3, 赵坤^1,2,3, 付饶^1,2,3, 王琦^1,2,3

1. 大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室大连 116024;
2. 大连理工大学辽宁省先进复合材料高性能制造重点实验室大连 116024;
3. 大连理工大学辽宁黄海实验室大连 116024

收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2026-07-29
作者简介:王福吉,男,1974年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为高性能金属、复合材料控形控性增材制造技术及装备。E-mail:wfjsll@dlut.edu.cn;袁翔宇,男,1998年出生。主要研究方向为高性能难熔金属挤出式增材制造技术线材制备及烧结工艺。E-mail:yxy@mail.dlut.edu.cn;王琦(通信作者),男,1995年出生,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向为热塑性复材及其与金属结构熔接技术。E-mail:wqwhh@dlut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点(52130506)、大连市顶尖及领军人才(2019CT08)、大连市科技创新基金(2022JJ12GX027)、2024年度国家博士后研究人员计划(GZC20240189)、中国博士后科学基金面上(2024M760324)和辽宁黄海实验室科研资助项目。

Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Metal Extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing Sintering Process

WANG Fuji^1,2,3, YUAN Xiangyu^1,2,3, YOU Siyao^1,2,3, WANG Gongshuo^1,2,3, ZHAO Kun^1,2,3, FU Rao^1,2,3, WANG Qi^1,2,3

1. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
2. Key Laboratory of High-Performance Manufacturing for Advanced Composite Materials, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
3. Liaoning Huanghai Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024

Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-06-10 Published:2026-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 金属挤出式增材制造技术(Metal extrusion-based additive manufacturing，MEAM)是采用具有高填充度金属粉末颗粒与粘结剂基体制成的混合颗粒料或线材，通过挤出方式实现逐层熔融沉积成形，并经脱脂与烧结制成构件的一项新型金属增材制造技术。其凭借较低的能源消耗与制造成本，具有良好的应用前景。其中，烧结将决定构件的尺寸精度、力学性能、微观组织均匀性，是该技术的核心环节。但由于脱脂后多孔坯件在烧结过程中不仅会发生原子扩散、晶界扩散等微观组织结构演变现象，同时还会发生各向异性宏观尺寸收缩现象，以致于传统各向同性烧结收缩理论模型无法准确描述MEAM的各向异性烧结收缩行为。基于烧结连续理论，建立了虑及X、Y、Z三方向收缩率与晶粒尺寸演变规律的各向异性烧结解析模型，提出了基于材料的三维热膨胀数值的解析模型烧结参数快速辨识方法，获得了成形坯体三方向烧结收缩率，可对不同材料的成形坯体的最终尺寸进行预测。以316L不锈钢为对象，进行了烧结收缩理论预测与试验对比，结果显示样品X向尺寸收缩率预测误差为10.5%，Y向尺寸收缩率预测误差为9.3%，Z向尺寸收缩率预测误差为6.7%。

关键词: 金属挤出式增材制造, 烧结, 各向异性烧结解析模型, 参数识别, 数值模拟

Abstract: Metal extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEAM) is a new metal additive manufacturing technology that uses composite particles or filaments made of highly filled metal particles and binder matrix, which are melted and deposited layer-by-layer by extrusion, and then the components are made by debinding and sintering. It has a broad application prospect with low energy consumption and manufacturing cost. Among them, the sintering will determine the dimensional accuracy, mechanical properties and microstructure uniformity of the components, which is the core step of the technology. However, after debinding, the porous green body undergoes not only microstructural evolution phenomena such as atomic diffusion and grain boundary diffusion in the sintering process, but also the anisotropic macroscopic size shrinkage, so that the traditional sintering theoretical model based on isotropic shrinkage cannot accurately describe the anisotropic sintering shrinkage behavior of MEAM. Based on the sintering continuity theory, an anisotropic sintering analytical model taking into account anisotropic shrinkage and grain size evolution in three directions of X, Y and Z is established, and a rapid parameter identification method based on the three-dimensional thermal expansion coefficient of materials is proposed, and the three-dimensional sintering shrinkage rate of formed billets is obtained, which can predict the final size of the forming body of different materials. Taking 316L stainless steel as an example, the theoretical prediction of sintering shrinkage is compared with the experimental results. The results show that the prediction error of X-direction size shrinkage is 10.5%, Y-direction size shrinkage is 9.3%, and Z-direction size shrinkage is 6.7%.

Key words: metal extrusion-based additive manufacturing, sintering, anisotropic sintering analytical model, parameter identification, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TH16
TB31

王福吉, 袁翔宇, 尤思尧, 王公硕, 赵坤, 付饶, 王琦. 金属挤出式增材制造烧结过程解析建模与数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(11): 249-260.

WANG Fuji, YUAN Xiangyu, YOU Siyao, WANG Gongshuo, ZHAO Kun, FU Rao, WANG Qi. Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Metal Extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing Sintering Process[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(11): 249-260.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I11/249

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金属挤出式增材制造烧结过程解析建模与数值模拟

Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Metal Extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing Sintering Process

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