基于钎料适配性的航空发动机回热器寿命提升方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.103

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钎焊结构广泛应用于石油化工、核电、航空航天等过程装备领域。然而，在高温、高压等恶劣环境下，钎料与母材力学性能的差异容易导致接头出现裂纹，从而引发结构破坏。为了寻找航空发动机回热器的高温延寿方法，采用基于连续损伤力学的有限元方法，系统分析不同铜含量BNi-2钎料单轴和多轴蠕变性能对钎焊接头蠕变寿命的影响。研究结果表明，基于修正的Liu-Murakami本构模型能较好地预测含铜镍基钎料的单轴蠕变寿命；添加3% Cu元素其延性稍有下降，超过6% Cu元素的钎料蠕变寿命会降低，但蠕变断裂应变有所增加。在相同载荷水平下，基于单轴蠕变性能的钎料改性设计，当钎料与母材最小蠕变速率失配度分别降低5%和10%时，回热器的蠕变断裂时间将分别提高3.2倍和11.8倍；基于多轴蠕变性能的钎料改性设计，接头蠕变寿命随着钎料多轴蠕变性能参数α的减小而提高。所提出的通过调整钎料与母材的蠕变性能失配度，显著延长航空发动机回热器的使用寿命的方法，可为高温钎焊结构的寿命设计提供创新方案。

关键词: 蠕变, 钎料改性, 寿命提升, 钎焊接头, 回热器, 有限元分析

Abstract: Brazed structures are widely used in petrochemical, nuclear power, aerospace and other process equipment fields. However, under the harsh environment such as high temperature and high pressure, the difference in mechanical properties between brazing filler metal and base material can easily lead to cracks in the joints, which can cause structural damage. In order to find a high-temperature life extension method for aero-engine recuperator, a finite element method based on continuous damage mechanics was used to systematically analyze the effects of uniaxial and multiaxial creep properties of BNi-2 fillers containing various copper content on the creep life of brazed joints. The results show that the uniaxial creep life of copper-containing nickel-based fillers is well predicted based on the modified Liu-Murakami intrinsic model. The ductility decreases slightly with the addition of 3% Cu elements, and the creep life of filler metals with more than 6% Cu elements decreases, but the creep fracture strain increases. Under the same load level, when the minimum creep rate mismatch between filler metals and base material is reduced by 5% and 10% respectively, the creep fracture time of the recuperator will be increased by 3.2 times and 11.8 times respectively. Based on the filler metal’s modification design with multi-axial creep performance, the joint creep life increases with the decrease of filler metal’s multi-axial creep performance parameter α. When considering the minimum creep rate and the multi-axial creep performance parameter α, the brazing material change should be devised with the purpose of lowering both. The proposed method of significantly extending the service life of aircraft engine regenerators by adjusting the creep mismatch between the braze filler metal and the base metal may provide an innovative scheme for the service life design of high temperature brazed structures.

Key words: creep, filler metal modification, life extension, brazed joints, recuperator, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

TG114

廖朋朋, 周帼彦, 张玉财, 张显程, 蒋文春, 涂善东. 基于钎料适配性的航空发动机回热器寿命提升方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 103-111.

LIAO Pengpeng, ZHOU Guoyan, ZHANG Yucai, ZHANG Xiancheng, JIANG Wenchun, TU Shantung. Research on Life Extension Method for Aero-engine Recuperator Based on Brazing Material Adaptability[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 103-111.

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