地铁车轮非圆化磨耗特征分析及车轮粗糙度谱构建

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.213

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车轮失圆问题在地铁列车上广泛存在，会引发轮轨间冲击载荷，进而加剧车辆振动与噪声、诱发车辆/轨道部件疲劳断裂，对乘坐舒适性、运行安全性以及车轮的维护均具有重要影响。统计分析了我国21条地铁线路共计9 000余个车轮的非圆化磨耗测试数据，涵盖时速80、90、100和120 km四种运营速度的地铁列车，掌握了车轮非圆化磨耗的径跳、阶次和波长等特征。利用Welch法对所有实测的车轮不圆顺进行谱估计，再利用两段幂函数拟合获得了地铁车轮粗糙度谱，并与高铁车轮粗糙度谱进行对比。结果表明：地铁车轮存在不同程度的失圆问题，其中约有10%的车轮径跳值在0.5 mm以上。车轮多边形磨耗的阶次主要为1阶(偏心)、5～9阶和12～16阶，高阶(大于10阶)多边形磨耗1/3倍频程中心波长在160～200 mm范围内。与高铁车轮粗糙度谱相比，地铁车轮粗糙度谱的谱值较高。结果可指导地铁车轮不圆顺状态的评估和养护维修，为轮轨动力学和轮轨噪声仿真分析提供重要输入。

关键词: 地铁车轮, 车轮非圆化, 车轮粗糙度谱, 车轮多边形磨耗, 统计分析

Abstract: Problems with out-of-round wheels are widespread in subway trains. They can result in impact loads between wheels and rails, increase vehicle vibrations and noise, and cause fatigue fractures of vehicle/track components, which has a significant effect on ride comfort, operational safety, and wheel maintenance. The out-of-roundness test data of more than 9,000 wheels from 21 subway lines in China are statistically analyzed, covering four types of subway trains with maximum speeds of 80, 90, 100, and 120 km/h. The characteristics of wheel out-of-roundness such as radial run-out, orders, and wavelengths are determined. Welch’s method is used to estimate the spectra of all measured out-of-roundness data of the wheels. Then, the two-segment power function is used to obtain the roughness spectra, which are compared with the roughness spectra of high-speed wheels. The results show that the subway wheels have out-of-round problems to varying degrees, with about 10% of the wheels having radial run-out greater than 0.5 mm. The order of wheel polygonal wear is mainly 1st order (eccentric), 5th to 9th, and 12th to 16th order. The dominant wavelength of high-order polygonal wear (more than 10th order) is in the range of 160-200 mm in the 1/3 octave band. Compared with the roughness spectra of high-speed wheels, the roughness spectra of subway wheels are higher. The results of this paper can be helpful in the evaluation, maintenance, and repair of subway wheels in out-of-round conditions, as well as provide important information for dynamic wheel-rail interaction and wheel-rail noise simulation.

Key words: metro wheel, wheel out-of-roundness, wheel roughness spectra, wheel polygonal wear, statistical analysis

中图分类号:

U279

段世文, 刘增华, 陶功权, 谢晨希, 王鹏, 温泽峰. 地铁车轮非圆化磨耗特征分析及车轮粗糙度谱构建[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 213-222.

DUAN Shiwen, LIU Zenghua, TAO Gongquan, XIE Chenxi, WANG Peng, WEN Zefeng. Analysis of Metro Wheel Out-of-round Features and Construction of Wheel Roughness Spectra[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 213-222.

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