电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗特征及其对轮轨动态冲击作用影响分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.04.130

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 130-139.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.04.130

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电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗特征及其对轮轨动态冲击作用影响分析

杨云帆¹, 刘志强², 高贤波¹, 凌亮¹, 王开云¹, 翟婉明¹

1. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都 610031;
2. 中车大同电力机车有限公司大同 037038

收稿日期:2020-04-30 修回日期:2020-08-06 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-04-28
通讯作者: 凌亮(通信作者),男,1986年出生,副研究员。主要研究方向为轨道车辆服役安全与控制。E-mail:liangling@swjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:杨云帆,男,1992年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为轮轨关系和机车车辆-轨道系统动力学。E-mail:yunfanyang525@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51825504，51735012）。

Analysis on Essential Characteristics of the Polygonal Wear of Locomotive Wheels and Its Effect on Wheel/Rail Dynamic Impact

YANG Yunfan¹, LIU Zhiqiang², GAO Xianbo¹, LING Liang¹, WANG Kaiyun¹, ZHAI Wanming¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
2. CRRC Datong Co., Ltd., Datong 037038

Received:2020-04-30 Revised:2020-08-06 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 严重的车轮非圆化磨耗会导致剧烈的轮轨冲击作用，降低车辆轨道疲劳寿命，威胁行车安全。为调查分析电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗特征及其对机车车辆系统振动的影响，对国内某型号电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗进行大量测试，对其中频繁发生异常振动报警和运营正常的机车进行动态测试；此外为探究车轮镟修对非圆化磨耗消除作用的影响，对镟修前后的车轮非圆化磨耗进行跟踪测试。测试结果表明，车轮高阶非圆化磨耗是造成机车轮对异常振动报警的主要原因；相比于从未发生振动报警的机车车轮，频繁发生振动报警的车轮除低阶非圆化磨耗外，还存在15～25阶非圆化磨耗，所对应的中心波长为158～250 mm；采用Q型不落轮镟床不能有效消除车轮高阶非圆化磨耗，经过一段时间运营后车轮非圆化磨耗发展明显。基于机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真，系统分析非圆化磨耗幅值和阶次以及车辆运行速度对轮轨系统动态行为的影响，提出机车车轮非圆化磨耗的养护维修安全限值。

关键词: 电力机车, 车轮非圆化磨耗, 异常振动, 机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学, 安全限值

Abstract: Serious wheel polygonal wear usually causes violent interactions between wheel and rail, which reduces the fatigue life of vehicle-track system and threats the running safety of the train. To investigate the essential characteristics of the polygonal wear of locomotive wheels as well as its effects on the locomotive vibrations, extensive measurements of wheel polygonal wear of electric locomotives are conducted, and the vibration performance of normal-operated and abnormal-operated locomotives are also obtained. To figure out the effect of wheel re-profiling on elimination of wheel polygonal wear, tracking measurements of wheel polygonal wear during one re-profiling period are conducted. The test results show that the high-order polygonal wear of the locomotive wheel is the main cause of abnormal vibrations of locomotive wheelset; the wheels of normal operational locomotives mainly exhibit low-order polygonal wear. However the wheels with frequent occurrence of abnormal vibration contain obvious 15～25 order polygonal wear by contrast, the corresponding center wavelength is in the range of 158～250 mm. The high-order polygonal wear cannot be removed thoroughly by the Q-type under-floor wheel lathe, and developed significantly after a period of service. Based on the locomotive-track dynamic simulation, the effect of the characteristics of the polygonal wear on dynamic interaction of wheel/rail system is analyzed systematically, and the safety limits of the polygonal wear are put forward.

Key words: electric locomotive, polygonal wear of wheels, abnormal vibration, locomotive/track coupled dynamics, safety limits

中图分类号:

U213

杨云帆, 刘志强, 高贤波, 凌亮, 王开云, 翟婉明. 电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗特征及其对轮轨动态冲击作用影响分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(4): 130-139.

YANG Yunfan, LIU Zhiqiang, GAO Xianbo, LING Liang, WANG Kaiyun, ZHAI Wanming. Analysis on Essential Characteristics of the Polygonal Wear of Locomotive Wheels and Its Effect on Wheel/Rail Dynamic Impact[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(4): 130-139.

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电力机车车轮非圆化磨耗特征及其对轮轨动态冲击作用影响分析

Analysis on Essential Characteristics of the Polygonal Wear of Locomotive Wheels and Its Effect on Wheel/Rail Dynamic Impact

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