结冰参数对转向架区域结冰的影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.234

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探索高速列车在高寒地区运行时出现转向架结冰的现象，采用欧拉多相流法计算转向架表面的雪粒和液滴的收集，基于壁面水膜流动的明冰模型模拟转向架表面的冰增长情况，研究结冰参数对转向架区域结冰量和冰形的影响。结果表明，转向架表面对雪粒的捕获能力和冷凝效果与雪粒和液滴含量呈正相关关系。结冰现象主要发生在转向架的迎风区域和位置较低的区域，且随着列车速度的提高，该现象越为明显，原因是粒子与气流的相对速度增加，导致粒子难以改变其运动轨迹进入转向架内部。通过多步法和单步法的对比研究，发现单步法忽略了流场的改变，影响液滴和雪粒的收集，导致结冰量偏低，得出的冰形也大为不同，因此及时更新计算网格可获取较为准确的结果。在列车运行一小时后，制动装置和悬挂装置基本被冰覆盖，严重威胁行车安全。此外，转向架表面的冰阻碍了气流运动，导致转向架底部的局部压差变大，列车行驶阻力增加。

关键词: 高速列车, 动车转向架, 明冰模型, 多相流, 结冰参数

Abstract: In order to explore the phenomenon of bogie icing during high-speed train operation in cold regions, the Euler multiphase flow method is used to calculate the collection of snow particles and liquid droplets on the surface of the bogie, and a glaze model based on Shallow-Water is used to simulate the ice growth on the surface of the bogie, and the influence of icing parameters on the amount and shape of icing in the bogie region was studied. The results show that the ability of the bogie surface to capture snow particles and the condensation effect are positively correlated with the content of snow particles and liquid droplets. Icing mainly occurred in the windward area and lower position of the bogie, and became more pronounced with the increase of train speed, due to the increase in relative velocity between particles and airflow, making it difficult for particles to change their trajectory and enter the interior of the bogie. Through the comparison study of multi-step and single-step methods, it is found that the single-step method ignored the change of flow field, affecting the collection of liquid droplets and snow particles, resulting in low icing amount and significantly different ice shapes. Therefore, updating the calculation grid in a timely manner can obtain more accurate results. After one hour of train operation, the braking and suspension devices are mostly covered with ice, posing a serious threat to driving safety. In addition, the ice on the bogie surface hinder the movement of airflow, resulting in a local pressure difference at the bottom of the bogie and an increase in train resistance.

Key words: high-speed train, motor bogie, glaze model, multiphase flow, icing parameters

中图分类号:

U270

兰洪, 张继业, 蔡路, 娄振. 结冰参数对转向架区域结冰的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 234-242.

LAN Hong, ZHANG Jiye, CAI Lu, LOU Zhen. Research on the Impact of Ice Parameters on the Icing of Bogie Region[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 234-242.

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