高速列车乘员二次碰撞损伤试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.15.314

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 列车碰撞是我国伤亡最严重的重大列车安全事故之一，研建专业的列车乘员二次碰撞试验系统并开展列车乘员碰撞试验对科学再现乘员冲击动力学损伤响应、评估列车被动安全性具有重要意义。依托已有的轨道车辆实车碰撞试验系统，成功研建了列车乘员二次碰撞试验平台。基于50百分位Hybrid Ⅲ假人，开展了高速列车乘员二次碰撞试验，分析座椅靠背角度和可折叠小桌板对列车乘员碰撞损伤响应的影响。结果显示，在列车耐撞性标准规定的碰撞速度下，乘员头部加速度峰值最大为30g，但头部损伤准则(Head injury criteria,HIC)最大值只有17.38，头部损伤并不严重。打开小桌板时，乘员胸部损伤虽并不明显，但颈部撞击小桌板出现的“锁喉”现象可能会威胁乘员生命安全。试验数据可为我国高速列车内饰结构优化设计和列车内饰碰撞安全标准的制定提供重要数据参考。

关键词: 高速列车, 乘员二次碰撞, 碰撞损伤, 列车耐撞性, 试验平台设计

Abstract: Train collision is one of the most serious rail accidents in China. The development and construction of a professional train occupant secondary impact system and performing occupant crash test is of great significance for scientifically reproducing the occupant impact injury responses and evaluating the safety performance of trains. Based on the previous train full-scale crash test system, the train occupant secondary impact system is successfully constructed. The occupant secondary crash injury tests for high-speed trains are performed using the Hybrid Ⅲ 50th dummy. The influence of seat deflection and foldable table on occupant impact injury responses is studied. Results show that the maximum head acceleration peak value is 30g but the maximum（Head injury criteria） HIC is 17.38. The head injury is not serious in the low-speed collision specified by the railway crashworthiness standard. When opening the table, the occupant’s chest injury is not obvious, but the neck-table collision and “chokehold” may threaten the occupant’s life. Experimental data provides practical data help for interior optimization design and formulation of interior collision safety standards for high-speed trains in China.

Key words: high-speed train, occupant secondary impact, crash injury, train crashworthiness, crash test system design

中图分类号:

U270

邓功勋, 许拓, 胡正晟, 彭勇. 高速列车乘员二次碰撞损伤试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(15): 314-323.

DENG Gongxun, XU Tuo, HU Zhengsheng, PENG Yong. Experimental Study on Occupant Secondary Impact Injury for High-speed Trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(15): 314-323.

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