3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料拉伸力学性能试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.11.396

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 打印路径和纤维含量对3D打印连续碳纤维(3D printed continuous carbon fiber，3DPCCF)复合材料的力学性能影响显著。考虑了沿拉伸方向相邻层平行打印(记为0°/0°)、正交打印(记为0°/90°)、沿与拉伸方向夹角45°方向相邻层正交打印(记为45°/135°)三种打印路径和四种碳纤维体积含量(0%、7.6%、15.1%和22.7%)，共进行32个试件的轴向拉伸试验，分析了打印路径和碳纤维体积含量对3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料破坏机理和力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：0°/0°与0°/90°组试件几乎没有塑性变形，主要呈现纤维拉断的破坏形态；45°/135°组试件有较大的塑性变形，主要呈现层间粘结失效的破坏形态。试验测得0°/0°组试件抗拉强度和弹性模量最大，0°/90°和45°/135°组试件抗拉强度和弹性模量则依次降低。随着碳纤维体积含量的增加，各组试件的抗拉强度和弹性模量均近似线性增加。最后，建立了3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料与连续碳纤维和基体材料抗拉强度及弹性模量之间的关系表达式，为3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料的工程应用提供了设计参考。

关键词: 连续碳纤维复合材料, 3D打印, 拉伸试验, 打印路径, 纤维含量

Abstract: The mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber (3DPCCF) composites are significantly influenced by printing paths and fiber content. This study investigates three printing paths including the path of the adjacent layers printed parallel to the tensile direction (denoted as 0°/0°), the path of the orthogonal printing (denoted as 0°/90°), and adjacent layers printed orthogonally at a 45° angle to the tensile direction (denoted as 45°/135°), respectirely. Four carbon fiber volume contents (0%, 7.6%, 15.1%, and 22.7%) are considered. All of 32 specimens were studied in the axial tensile tests. The effects of printing paths and carbon fiber volume content on the failure mechanismsand mechanical properties of the 3DPCCF composites are analyzed. The test results indicated that the 0°/0° and 0°/90° specimens exhibited the failure mode of tensile fracture .of fibers without plastic deformation almostly. In contrast, the 45°/135° specimens displayed significant plastic deformation, characterized mainly by interlayer bonding failure. Among the specimens, the 0°/0° group demonstrated the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus, followed by the 0°/90° and 45°/135° groups, in descending order. With the increasing of carbon fiber volume content, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of all groups showed an approximately linear increase. Finally, an expression is established to relate the tensile strength and elastic modulus of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber composites with those of continuous carbon fibers and the matrix material, providing a design reference for the engineering application of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber composites.

Key words: continuous carbon fiber composites, 3D printed, tensile test, printing paths, fiber volume contents

中图分类号:

TU599
TH162

王新玉, 刘天瑞, 吕昕泽, 汪干生, 岳健广. 3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料拉伸力学性能试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 396-405.

WANG Xinyu, LIU Tianrui, Lü Xinze, WANG Gansheng, YUE Jianguang. Experimental Study on Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber Composites[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(11): 396-405.

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