光束摆动方式对2195铝锂合金T型接头双侧激光焊接裂纹的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.22.245

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2195铝锂合金具有轻质高强的特点，兼具良好的低温力学性能和抗腐蚀性能，属于新一代航空航天材料，但热裂纹敏感性较高，焊接难度大。采用双侧激光摆动焊接新技术对2195铝锂合金T型接头进行焊接，研究垂直摆动、圆形摆动和无摆动三种光束运动方式对接头焊接裂纹和接头微观组织、横截面Si元素分布状况、熔池动态行为和焊接热循环特征的影响。结果表明，2195铝锂合金在常规无摆动焊接过程中易出现结晶裂纹缺陷，摆动焊接可促进焊丝引入焊缝的Si元素均匀分布，细化焊缝组织，降低焊接热输入，配合Al-Si焊丝有良好的热裂纹抑制效果，圆形摆动方式的效果最为显著，所得焊缝晶粒细化效果最好，Si元素在横截面的分布最为均匀，焊接热输入最低，基本无热裂纹问题。

关键词: 铝锂合金T型接头, 双侧激光摆动焊接, 焊接裂纹, 显微组织

Abstract: 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good low temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It belongs to a new generation of aerospace materials. However, aluminum-lithium alloy is sensitive to thermal cracks and is difficult to weld. The new technology of double-sided laser swing welding is used to join the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy T-joint, and the effects of three kinds of beam swing modes, including vertical swing, circular swing and no swing, on joint welding cracks and joint microstructure, cross-sectional Si element distribution, molten pool dynamic behavior and welding thermal cycle characteristics are studied. The results show that 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy is prone to crystal crack defects during the welding process. Laser swing welding can promote the uniform distribution of Si element introduced into the weld by the welding wire, refine the weld structure, and reduce the welding heat input, which has a good thermal crack suppression effect with Al-Si welding wire. The circular swing method has the most significant effect, which has the best grain refinement effect, the most evenly distributed Si element in the cross section, the lowest welding heat input, and is basically free of thermal cracks.

Key words: aluminum-lithium alloy T-joint, double-sided laser swing welding, cracks, microstructure

中图分类号:

TG456

毕思源, 张新瑞, 雷正龙, 黎炳蔚, 夏佩云. 光束摆动方式对2195铝锂合金T型接头双侧激光焊接裂纹的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(22): 245-253.

BI Siyuan, ZHANG Xinrui, LEI Zhenglong, LI Bingwei, XIA Peiyun. Influence of Beam Swing Mode on Cracks of Double-sided Laser Welding of 2195 Aluminum-lithium Alloy T-joint[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(22): 245-253.

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