热丝辅助电弧增材Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.11.242

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电弧增材制造技术可以缩短生产周期，降低成本，实现铝合金的快速成形，但存在结构内部含有较多气孔及晶粒粗大的问题。热丝辅助电弧增材制造(HWAAM)可以有效降低气孔率和细化晶粒，进一步提高电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的性能。采用热丝电弧增材制造技术制备了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金，利用拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等实验方法，研究了电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag铝合金的气孔缺陷、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明，与冷丝成形合金相比，热丝辅助电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金气孔率降低25%，气孔球形度增加，空间分布较为均匀；同时晶粒尺寸降低30%，晶粒形貌趋于等轴晶化。冷丝结构件抗拉强度为218 MPa，屈服强度为134 MPa，延伸率为3.2%，使用热丝电弧增材制造后，力学性能提高，其抗拉强度提升至242 MPa，屈服强度提高至148 MPa，延伸率4.2%。最后，分别采用固溶+时效和人工时效热处理工艺，进一步改善了热丝辅助成形Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的力学性能。固溶与时效热处理后抗拉强度达到368 MPa，延伸率下降至0.5%，时效热处理后强度达到297 MPa，延伸率2.1%。

关键词: 电弧增材制造, Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金, 热处理, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Arc additive manufacturing technology can shorten the production cycle, reduce costs, and realize the rapid prototyping of aluminum alloys, but there are problems that the structure contains more pores and coarse grains. Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing (HWAAM) can effectively reduce porosity and refine grains, further improving the performance of arc additive manufacturing of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys. Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing is employed here to manufacture Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy. Their porosity, microstructure, and mechanical property were studied by tensile testing as well as scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observations. Compared with cold-wire structure, hot-wire structure’s porosity decreases by 25 %, the sphere of the pores increases, and the spatial distribution is relatively uniform. The size of the grain is reduced by 30%, and the grain morphology tends to be equal to the axial crystallization. The tensile strength of cold-wire structure is 218 MPa, yield strength is 134 MPa and its elongation after fracture is 3.2%. Upon HWAAM, the mechanical property is improved, with the tensile strength increasing to 242 MPa, the yield strength increasing to 148 MPa, and the elongation after fracture reaching 4.2%. Heat treatment is further employed to tune the mechanical property of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys via HWAAM. After using both solution treatment and aging treatment, the tensile strength reaches 368 MPa and the elongation after fracture decreases to 0.5%. After single aging treatment, its tensile strength reaches 297 MPa, with an elongation after fracture of 2.1%.

Key words: wire arc additive manufacturing, Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, heat treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG444
TU512

闫杨予, 胡锦龙, 韩启飞, 郭跃岭, 苏江舟, 何智, 王志敏, 刘长猛. 热丝辅助电弧增材Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(11): 242-252.

YAN Yangyu, HU Jinlong, HAN Qifei, GUO Yueling, SU Jiangzhou, HE Zhi, WANG Zhimin, LIU Changmeng. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy Fabricated by Hot-wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(11): 242-252.

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