扣件支撑长度对车轮-轨道耦合振动的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.16.159

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据轨道结构的链式特征，提出考虑扣件支撑长度的车轮-轨道系统振动的传递矩阵分析方法。对轨道系统的垂向固有振动特性、簧下质量作用时的轮轨垂向振动特性及扣件支撑长度的影响机理进行了分析，结果表明，轨道系统的第1、2固有振动模态分别为钢轨和轨枕的同相和反相共振，其频响特征由钢轨抗弯刚度和分布质量、轨枕质量及扣件和道床的刚度和阻尼决定，不受扣件支撑长度的影响。扣件支撑长度对钢轨pinned-pinned共振和反共振影响显著，随着扣件支撑长度的增加，钢轨的pinned-pinned共振和反共振效应逐渐削弱。簧下质量作用时，轮轨系统的振动主要以P2共振的形式出现，其频率明显低于轨道系统的第1固有频率，轨道系统的振动在pinned-pinned共振区受扣件支撑长度的影响显著。轮轨冲击响应分析表明，轮轨撞击过程中体现了明显的P2共振特征，在撞击初始阶段存在高频P1力波动，显著的轮轨冲击会引起以P2共振频率为基频的高频振动。扣件支撑长度的增加可显著降低pinned-pinned共振区轮轨加速度，但对车轮和轨枕的位移影响不显著。

关键词: P2共振, pinned-pinned共振, 传递矩阵法, 轨道, 簧下质量, 扣件支撑长度

Abstract: A transfer matrix method for analyzing the vibration of wheel-track system with finite support length of rail fastening system is proposed,due to the chain characteristic of track structure. The research on the natural frequencies of track system and wheel-track coupling system, as well as the influence of pad support length, indicate that the first two natural frequencies of the track system correspond to the same-phase and anti-phase vibration of rail and sleepers. The frequencies and responses of these two resonances depend on the bending stiffness and mass distribution of rail, mass of sleeper, as well as the stiffness and damping of fastening system and track bed. The support length of pad has no effect on these resonances. However, the pinned-pinned resonance and anti-resonance of rail are affected obviously by the support length of pad. With the increase of pad support length, the effects of pinned-pinned resonance and anti-resonance weaken dramatically. With the coupling of unspring mass and track system, the vibration of wheel-track system is mainly the P2 resonance, of which the frequency is much lower than the first natural frequency of track system. The response of rail near the pinned-pinned frequency is influenced by the support length of pad. The analysis of wheel rail impact response indicates that the dominated frequency of the vibration of wheel and rail is P2 resonance frequency as well as several high frequency fluctuations of P1 force during the initial stage. Severe wheel rail impact invokes high order harmonic vibrations with fundamental frequency of P2 resonance. The increase of pad support length reduces the responses of wheel and rail near the pinned-pinned frequency dramatically, nevertheless its influence on the wheel and sleeper displacement is negligible.

Key words: P2 resonance, pad support length, pinned-pinned resonance, track, transfer matrix method, unspring mass

中图分类号:

U270
U211

关庆华, 张丹熙, 王鹏, 温泽峰, 金学松. 扣件支撑长度对车轮-轨道耦合振动的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(16): 159-169.

GUAN Qinghua, ZHANG Danxi, WANG Peng, WEN Zefeng, JIN Xuesong. Influence of Pad Support Length on the Vibration of Wheel-track[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(16): 159-169.

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