• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (16): 170-175.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.16.170

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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铁道车辆吸能式防爬器垂向屈曲研究

周和超1, 包泽宇1, 徐世洲1, 张济民1, 涂昊昀2   

  1. 1. 同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院 上海 201804;
    2. 同济大学航空航天与力学学院 上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-11 修回日期:2019-04-20 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 张济民(通信作者),男,1969年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轨道车辆动力学与结构设计。E-mail:zjm397a@163.com
  • 作者简介:周和超,男,1985年出生,博士,讲师。主要研究方向为轨道车辆被动安全设计。E-mail:zhouhechao@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51805374)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(22120180531)资助项目。

Study on the Vertical Buckling of Railway Vehicle's Anti-climber

ZHOU Hechao1, BAO Zeyu1, XU Shizhou1, ZHANG Jimin1, TU Haoyun2   

  1. 1. Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804;
    2. School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
  • Received:2018-12-11 Revised:2019-04-20 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-08-20

摘要: 为抑制列车碰撞时的相互爬车程度,列车端部均安装吸能与防爬功能一体的吸能式防爬器。然而,列车碰撞事故调查发现吸能式防爬器有时会出现明显的垂向屈曲,导致其碰撞吸能和防爬能力大幅度降低。为此,提出多刚体动力学和有限元理论相结合的仿真分析方法,再现吸能式防爬器垂向屈曲失效的动态过程。此外,仿真计算表明随着碰撞列车之间差异加大,相邻车辆爬车速度明显增加,其最大爬车速度可以达到1.5 m/s。与此同时,吸能式防爬器发生明显的垂向屈曲,导致相互啮合的防爬齿发生脱离、失去防爬约束能力。不仅如此,相比于理想条件下的纵向压溃,发生垂向屈曲后的吸能式防爬器吸能能力大幅度降低,其平均压溃力由566.3 kN降低至348.1 kN,减少了38.5%,碰撞吸能量也由367 kJ降低至169 kJ,减少了53.9%。

关键词: 超磁致伸缩材料, 超声振动系统, 磁路优化, 机电转换系数, 垂向屈曲, 列车碰撞, 爬车, 吸能式防爬器

Abstract: In order to prevent the train overriding during a collision accident, the anti-climbers are usually equipped at the end of a train. However, from the investigations of some train collision accidents it is found that under some unknown conditions the energy absorbing capacity and anti-overriding function of anti-climber are greatly reduced due to the serious vertical buckling. A simulation strategy combining multi-body dynamics and finite element theory is proposed. With this strategy the dynamic buckling process of energy-absorbed anti-climber is reproduced. Besides that, the simulation results indicate that as the differences between the collided trains increase, the overriding speed between the adjacent vehicles increases significantly. When the overriding speed between two adjacent vehicles reaches 1.5 m/s, the energy-absorbed anti-climber has obvious vertical buckling during the train collision. Due to this reason, the collided anti-climbers will detach each other and lose its vertical constraint function. Moreover, compared with the stable crush under ideal conditions, the energy-absorbing capacity of vertical buckled anti-climber is greatly reduced, for example the average crushing force and absorbed collision energy are significantly reduced from 566.3 kN to 348.1 kN and 367 kJ to 169 kJ respectively.

Key words: electromechanical conversion coefficient, magnetic circuit optimization, ultrasonic vibration system, Giant magnetostrictive material, energy-absorbed anti-climber, overriding, train collision, vertical buckling

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