• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 154-161.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.06.154

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

激光-电弧复合焊过程的熔滴过渡特征与受力分析

徐春鹰1,2,3, 刘双宇1,2,3, 张宏1,2,3, 李彦清1,2,3, 刘凤德1,2,3   

  1. 1. 长春理工大学机电工程学院 长春 130022;
    2. 长春理工大学激光加工吉林省高等学校工程研究中心 长春 130022;
    3. 长春理工大学国家国际科技合作基地(光学) 长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-21 修回日期:2017-04-17 出版日期:2018-03-20 发布日期:2018-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘双宇(通信作者),男,1978年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为激光-电弧复合焊接、激光与材料相互作用等。E-mail:liushuangyu@cust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:徐春鹰,男,1958年出生,高级实验师。主要研究方向为激光加工技术。E-mail:944621771@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51305044)。

Study on the Characteristics and Mechanics of Droplet Transfer in Laser Arc Hybrid Welding Process

XU Chunying1,2,3, LIU Shuangyu1,2,3, ZHANG Hong1,2,3, LI Yanqing1,2,3, LIU Fengde1,2,3   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical and electric Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022;
    2. Engineering Research Center of Laser Processing for Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022;
    3. National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation in Optics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022
  • Received:2016-11-21 Revised:2017-04-17 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-03-20

摘要: 利用高速相机对高氮钢激光-电弧复合焊接过程的熔滴过渡、熔滴形态、等离子体形态进行采集与分析。采用图像处理与数学计算相结合的方法给出熔滴在电弧空间飞行时的受力大小和加速度。初步计算激光产生的金属蒸气对熔滴的反冲力的大小和分布。结果表明:熔滴呈现颗粒过渡的临界焊接电流为180 A附近;熔滴呈现射滴过渡的临界焊接电流200 A附近。激光的加入对电弧具有明显的压缩作用,在熔池表面这种压缩作用更为剧烈。通过观测和计算给出电弧焊和激光-电弧复合焊时熔滴刚脱离焊丝的加速度分别达到70 m/s2和50 m/s2。在实际复合焊接过程中,当熔滴落入熔池位置与激光匙孔间距为3 mm时,从激光匙孔喷发的金属蒸气对熔滴的反冲力非常小。激光的加入主要改变了电弧形态,近而改变熔滴上下表面的压力差,使得熔滴在接近熔池表面发生合并和过渡频率减慢。

关键词: 高氮钢, 激光-电弧复合焊接, 力学分析, 熔滴过渡

Abstract: The droplet transfer, plasma morphology and droplet morphology of laser arc hybrid welding process are collected and analyzed using high speed camera. The force magnitude and acceleration of motion droplets in the arc space are calculated by the image processing and mathematical calculations. The value and distribution of the recoil force from the metal vapor on droplets are calculated. The results show that the mode of globular transfer corresponds to the welding current is approximately 180A; the mode of streaming transfer corresponds to the welding current is approximately 200 A. The laser has a compress effect on the arc, and the compression on the surface of the weld pool is stronger. The acceleration of the droplet detachment from wire for arc welding and laser arc hybrid welding is 70 m/s2 and 50 m/s2 separately. In the actual welding process, the reaction force of metal vapor on molten droplets is very small, when the distance between droplet and keyhole in the surface of the weld pool is 3 mm. The laser changes the shape arc, and the pressure difference between upper and lower surface of the droplet is changed, which results when the droplet is close to the surface of the weld pool, the droplet coalescence and the transition frequency are slowed down.

Key words: high nitrogen steel, laser-arc hybrid welding, mechanics analysis, metal droplet

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