基于多体模型的水平轴风力机气弹耦合分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大型风力机的气动载荷、惯性力和弹性力等交变载荷会引起柔性风轮、塔架等构件的耦合振动，影响风力机性能和使用寿命。针对水平轴风力机的气弹耦合数学模型的建立及其数值积分方法进行研究。采用能反映弹性变形的超级单元(Super-element, SE)将柔性构件离散为带有力元弹簧和阻尼器的旋转铰连接的有限个数的刚体。基于多体系统(Multi-body system, MBS)动力学理论和混合多体系统(Hybrid multi-body systems, HMBS)的建模方法，通过编制的仿真程序自动建立受约束的风力机多体系统动力学方程并进行数值求解。通过傅里叶谱分析方法，实现了系统动力学特性分析。算例分析美国可再生能源实验室(National renewable energy laboratory，NREL)公布的5 MW水平轴近海风力机的固有频率与振型，验证了程序的有效性和建模方法的正确性。基于叶素动量(Blade element momentum, BEM)理论，计算叶片变形状态下各刚体所受的气动力，在数值积分过程中实时实现流固之间的耦合。分析结果表明超级单元能用较少的自由度准确地描述风力机气动载荷、惯性力和弹性力三者之间的耦合。所开发的仿真程序能为风力机气弹耦合及稳定性分析和控制系统设计提供实用的分析平台。

关键词: 风力机;柔性构件;多体系统;超级单元;气弹耦合;动力特性;叶素动量理论

Abstract: The alternate loads like aerodynamic loads, inertial force and elastic force can lead to the coupled vibration of flexible wind rotor, tower and other components, and this coupled vibration can dramatically affects the aerodynamic characteristics and service life of wind turbine. The establishment of aeroelastic coupling mathematical model of horizontal axis wind turbine and its numerical integration method are studied. The super-element (SE) which can describe elastic deformation is used to distretize the flexible component into a series of rigid bodies connected by rotational joints with force element springs and dampers. The dynamic equations of a constrained multi-body system (MBS) of wind turbine is automatically set up and numerically solved through a designed simulation program based on the theory of dynamics of multi-body system and the modelling method of hybrid multi-body system (HMBS). The analysis of dynamic characteristics of the system is realized through Fourier spectrum analysis method. The natural frequencies and modal shapes of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine of United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are analyzed and the effectiveness of the program and the correctness of the modeling method are verified. Aerodynamic loads acting on each rigid body of blade under deformation state are calculated based the blade element momentum (BEM) theory, and the coupling between the structural and aerodynamic analysis is carried out in real time during the process of numerical integration. The results show that super-element can accurately describe the coupling among the aerodynamic loads, inertial loads and elastic loads of wind turbine. The program developed in this study is a useful analysis platform for the aeroelastic coupling, stability analysis and the design of control system of wind turbine.

Key words: wind turbine;flexible component;multi-body system;superelement;aeroelastic coupling;dynamic characteristics;blade element momentum (BEM) theory

中图分类号:

TK83

李德源;莫文威;严修红;张湘伟. 基于多体模型的水平轴风力机气弹耦合分析[J]. , 2014, 50(12): 140-150.

LI Deyuan;MO Wenwei;YAN Xiuhong;ZHANG Xiangwei. Aeroelastic Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Based on[J]. , 2014, 50(12): 140-150.

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基于多体模型的水平轴风力机气弹耦合分析

Aeroelastic Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Based on

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