可重复使用运载火箭着陆支腿机构技术综述

doi:10.3901/JME.260002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 着陆支腿机构作为可重复使用运载火箭的关键技术之一，对实现火箭安全回收、降低成本以及推动航天运输可持续发展具有重要意义。系统梳理了可重复使用运载火箭的发展历程，重点围绕支撑机构设计、理论建模、性能分析以及热防护技术等领域开展分析与总结，论述了着陆支腿机构展开、锁定以及缓冲技术的多样化结构，总结了支撑机构的展开与着陆动力学建模方法。同时，结合静态与动态试验技术，系统分析了着陆支腿展开可靠性、承载能力和缓冲性能的试验方法，探讨了支腿结构面对再入热环境的热防护需求与相关技术方案。最后介绍了Space-X和Blue Origin公司在实际工程应用中的典型案例，分析了其在支撑机构设计与技术实践中的经验和创新。基于现有研究成果，总结了未来可重复运载火箭支撑机构的发展方向。

关键词: 可重复运载火箭, 着陆支腿机构, 机构设计, 动力学建模, 性能分析

Abstract: As one of the key technologies for reusable launch vehicles, the landing support mechanism plays a crucial role in ensuring safe rocket recovery, reducing costs, and promoting the sustainable development of space transportation. This research systematically reviews the development history of reusable launch vehicles, with a particular focus on the design, theoretical modeling, performance analysis, and thermal protection technologies of landing support mechanisms. The study discusses various structural configurations of landing gear deployment, locking, and shock absorption technologies, summarizing the modeling methods for deployment and landing dynamics. Additionally, by integrating both static and dynamic testing techniques, the reliability of landing leg deployment, load-bearing capacity, and buffering performance are systematically analyzed. The research also explores the thermal protection requirements and relevant solutions for landing legs under reentry thermal environments. Furthermore, the study presents typical engineering applications from Space-X and Blue Origin, analyzing their experiences and innovations in landing support mechanism design and technical implementation. Based on existing research progress, this review summarizes the future development directions for reusable launch vehicle landing support mechanisms.

Key words: reusable launch vehicle, landing gear mechanism, mechanism design, dynamic modeling, performance analysis

中图分类号:

V423

田保林, 杨雪聪, 刘佳行, 闫振, 于海涛, 高海波, 邓宗全. 可重复使用运载火箭着陆支腿机构技术综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 18-40.

TIAN Baolin, YANG Xuecong, LIU Jiaxing, YAN Zhen, YU Haitao, GAO Haibo, DENG Zongquan. Reusable Launch Vehicle Landing Gear Mechanism Technologies: A Review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 18-40.

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