考虑可逆劣化分级的预防维修策略

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.22.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了延长系统的使用寿命，基于系统劣化可不同程度逆转的特性，提出将劣化分解为可逆劣化和不可逆劣化，并以系统预防维护(Preventive maintenance, PM)可消除的可逆劣化的多寡作为划分PM等级的依据。结合系统故障率递增因子和役龄递减因子，以更换前总运行时间为优化目标，最低PM间隔时间及可靠度阈值作为约束条件，通过经济性分析的方法确定每一次预防维修的等级，建立一种基于可逆劣化分级的多级维修联合的预防维修模型。最后，以某数控机床电气控制系统为例，通过数值分析验证了所提策略的有效性。结果表明，相较于未考虑可逆劣化的PM，考虑可逆劣化的多级PM策略可延长机床电气系统总运行时间至19.21%，且对于注重产出价值的高产值设备而言，运行时间的显著增加远比成本的小幅降低更加重要；同时，不可逆劣化的变化对机床可靠度有明显的影响：不可逆劣化的比例越低，系统可靠度阈值到达的时间越晚，维修间隔也随之增大。

关键词: 可靠度约束, 多级预防维修, 不可逆劣化, 可逆劣化, 总运行时间

Abstract: In order to prolong the service life of the system, based on the characteristic that the system deterioration can be reversed to varying degrees, it is proposed to decompose the deterioration into reversible deterioration and irreversible deterioration, and take the amount of reversible deterioration that can be eliminated by preventive maintenance（PM） as the basis for classification of PM grades. Combining the increasing factor of system failure rate and decreasing factor of service age, taking the total running time before replacement as the optimization objective, the lowest PM interval time and reliability threshold as the constraint conditions, the grade of each preventive maintenance is determined by economic analysis, and a multi-level preventive maintenance model based on reversible deterioration grading is established. Finally, taking the electrical control system of a CNC machine tool as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by numerical analysis. The results show that, compared with PM without considering reversible deterioration, the multi-level PM strategy considering reversible deterioration can extend the total running time of machine tool electrical system to 19.21%, and for high-output equipment that pays attention to output value, the significant increase of running time is far more important than the small reduction of cost; At the same time, the change of irreversible deterioration has obvious influence on the reliability of machine tools:the lower the proportion of irreversible deterioration, the later the system reliability threshold arrives, and the maintenance interval increases.

Key words: reliability constraints, multi-level preventive maintenance, irreversible deterioration, reversible deterioration, total operating time

中图分类号:

TG659
TB114

王智明, 张鑫永. 考虑可逆劣化分级的预防维修策略[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(22): 28-35.

WANG Zhiming, ZHANG Xinyong. Preventive Maintenance Strategies that Consider Reversible Deterioration Grading[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(22): 28-35.

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