浮环轴向长度对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.23.173

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (23): 173-181.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.23.173

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浮环轴向长度对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性影响研究

宾光富¹, 黄源¹, 钟新利¹, 杨峰²

1. 湖南科技大学机电工程学院湘潭 411201;
2. 宁波丰沃涡轮增压系统有限公司宁波 315336

收稿日期:2019-01-25 修回日期:2019-10-08 出版日期:2019-12-05 发布日期:2020-02-18
通讯作者: 宾光富(通信作者),男,1981年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为高速涡轮机械动力学与非线性振动特性分析。E-mail:abin811025@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51575176，11672106，51775030）和湖南省自然科学基金（2019JJ40084）资助项目。

Study on the Influence of Floating Ring Axial Length on Vibration Characteristics of High-speed and Light-load Turbocharger Rotor System

BIN Guangfu¹, HUANG Yuan¹, ZHONG Xinli¹, YANG Feng²

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201;
2. VÖFON Turbo Systems(Ningbo) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315336

Received:2019-01-25 Revised:2019-10-08 Online:2019-12-05 Published:2020-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 浮环轴承内外轴向长度结构参数会影响油膜压力分布与偏心率，产生显著分频振动而引发高速轻载涡轮增压器转子非线性振动故障。基于流体润滑理论和浮环力矩平衡方程，推导了含浮环轴承的涡轮增压器转子系统动力学方程，揭示浮环轴承轴向长度与转子系统振动响应之间的关系。以某型汽油机用涡轮增压器转子系统为例，分析浮环内、外轴向长度对轴承油膜压力、偏心率等动力特性的影响，构建转子系统动力学有限元模型，通过三维振动瀑布图研究不同浮环轴向长度下转子系统频域瞬态振动响应，结果表明：浮环内轴向长度从2.6增加到4.6 mm，导致浮环转速升高，最大内油膜压力减小，轴颈偏心率降低，分频幅值增加且出现分频的轴颈转速由142 kr/min降至76 kr/min，更易产生明显的非线性涡动现象；浮环外轴向长度从3.6增加到6.15 mm，使浮环转速降低，最大外油膜压力变小，浮环偏心率及轴颈相对浮环的偏心率减小，低转速下分频幅值减少且出现分频的轴颈转速由10 kr/min升至22 kr/min，可抑制转子系统过早发生非线性涡动，为浮环轴承结构参数设计与试验提供理论支撑。

关键词: 浮环轴向长度, 涡轮增压器转子, 动力特性, 频域瞬态响应分析, 分频振动

Abstract: The floating ring bearing axial length has an important effect on the distribution of oil film pressure and the eccentricity ratios, which leads to obvious sub-frequency vibration and nonlinear failure for the high-speed and light-loaded turbocharger rotor. Based on fluid lubrication theory and balance equation of floating ring moment, the dynamic equation of turbocharger rotor system with floating ring bearing is derived, and the relationship between floating ring bearing axial length and the vibration response of rotor system is revealed. Taking the turbocharger rotor system for a gasoline engine as an example, the influence of inner and outer axial lengths on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing oil film pressure and eccentricity ratios is analyzed, and the dynamic finite element model of the rotor system is constructed, the transient vibration response in frequency domain of rotor system with different floating ring axial lengths is studied by means of three-dimensional vibration waterfall. It shows that the floating ring inner axial length is increased from 2.6 to 4.6 mm, the floating ring rotation speed is increased, the maximum internal oil film pressure and the journal eccentricity ratios are decreased, the frequency division amplitude is increased, and the shaft speed of emerging sub-frequency is decreased from 142 kr/min to 76 kr/min. This also means that it is easier to generate obvious nonlinear whirling. When outer axial length increased from 3.6 to 6.15 mm, the floating ring speed and maximum outer oil film pressure are decreased respectively, the eccentricity ratios of the floating ring and the shaft neck relative to the floating ring are decreased, the sub-frequency amplitude is decreased at low speed, and the shaft speed of emerging frequency division is increased from 10 kr/min to 22 kr/min, which can restrain the premature nonlinear whirl of the rotor system. The results can provide theoretical support for structural parameters design and experiment of floating ring bearing.

Key words: floating ring axial length, turbocharger rotor, dynamic characteristics, transient response analysis in frequency domain, sub-frequency vibration

中图分类号:

TG156

宾光富, 黄源, 钟新利, 杨峰. 浮环轴向长度对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(23): 173-181.

BIN Guangfu, HUANG Yuan, ZHONG Xinli, YANG Feng. Study on the Influence of Floating Ring Axial Length on Vibration Characteristics of High-speed and Light-load Turbocharger Rotor System[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(23): 173-181.

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浮环轴向长度对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统振动特性影响研究

Study on the Influence of Floating Ring Axial Length on Vibration Characteristics of High-speed and Light-load Turbocharger Rotor System

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