基于LQG的高速列车横向主动减振器控制研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260670

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决传统被动二系横向减振器参数固定、环境适应性弱的局限性，开展二系横向主动减振器建模与控制策略研究，以改善高速列车对不同环境的适应能力。基于AMESim仿真平台，构建二系横向主动减振器的仿真模型，研究其主动模式下的动态特性，确定其有效工作频段范围。根据二系横向主动减振器动态特性和车体横移与摇头运动的模态解耦思想，设计线性二次型高斯(Linear quadratic Gaussian，LQG)控制器，并引入自适应卡尔曼滤波(Adaptive Kalman filtering，AKF)提升控制系统的状态估计能力，还针对平稳性指标的敏感频段及主动减振器的频响特性考虑了频率加权特性。主动与被动减振器的对比分析结果表明：二系横向主动减振器能有效抑制车体的横移、摇头与侧滚运动；在高速列车常用速度范围内，新车轮状态下的横向平稳性平均改善了31.17%，磨耗车轮状态下的横向平稳性平均改善了19.86%。

关键词: 主动悬挂, 主动减振器, 动态特性, 联合仿真, 自适应卡尔曼滤波, 频率加权

Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional passive secondary lateral dampers-namely fixed parameters and poor environmental adaptability—research is conducted on modeling and control strategies for secondary lateral active dampers to enhance high-speed trains' adaptability to varying environments. Using the AMESim simulation platform, a simulation model of the secondary lateral active damper is constructed to investigate its dynamic characteristics in active mode and determine its effective operating frequency range. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the secondary lateral active damper and the modal decoupling concept for body lateral displacement and yaw motion, an LQG control strategy is designed. Adaptive Kalman filtering is introduced to enhance the state estimation capability of the control system. Frequency weighting characteristics are also considered for the sensitive frequency bands of stability indicators and the frequency response characteristics of the active damper. Results from comparative analysis between active and passive dampers demonstrate that body lateral displacement, yaw, and roll motions are effectively suppressed by the secondary lateral active damper. Within the common operating speed range of high-speed trains, lateral stability is improved by an average of 31.17% for new wheels and 19.86% for worn wheels.

Key words: active suspension, active damper, dynamic characteristics, co-simulation, adaptive Kalman filter, frequency weighting

中图分类号:

U270

谢浩锋, 代亮成, 池茂儒, 高红星, 周荻, 侯旭, 王第达. 基于LQG的高速列车横向主动减振器控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 271-281.

XIE Haofeng, DAI Liangcheng, CHI Maoru, GAO Hongxing, ZHOU Di, HOU Xu, WANG Dida. Study on LQG-based Control of Lateral Active Dampers for High-speed Trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 271-281.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/271

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