基于导电聚合物水凝胶改性的3D打印柔性电感器研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260250

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 347-356.doi: 10.3901/JME.260250

扫码分享

基于导电聚合物水凝胶改性的3D打印柔性电感器研究

刘佩儒, 魏发南, 姚立纲, 刘晓敏

福州大学机械工程及自动化学院福州 350108

收稿日期:2025-02-08 修回日期:2025-06-24 出版日期:2026-03-05 发布日期:2026-04-23
作者简介:刘佩儒,男,1998年出生。主要研究方向为3D软体机器人、智能制造。E-mail:729178761@qq.com
魏发南,男,1987年出生,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为软体机器人、连续体机器人、微纳米机器人。E-mail:weifanan@fzu.edu.cn
姚立纲,男,1964年出生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为微型软体机器人、现代机械传动与高端装备设计及制造。E-mail:ylgyao@fzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFB4702401)、国家重点支撑计划专项(2020IM01200)和国家自然科学基金(52375043)资助项目。

Research of 3D Printed Flexible Inductor Based on Conductive Polymer Hydrogel Modified

LIU Peiru, WEI Fanan, YAO Ligang, LIU Xiaomin

School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108

Received:2025-02-08 Revised:2025-06-24 Online:2026-03-05 Published:2026-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 导电聚合物水凝胶因其兼顾导电性与生物相容性，被广泛应用于储能、柔性电子和生物电子学等领域。目前，大多数导电聚合物水凝胶的制备依赖于传统2D技术。例如，打印、铸造、平板印刷术等。其制造程序繁琐、成本高、3D实体结构分辨率低。这些局限性阻碍了聚合物水凝胶作为电子导体的应用与创新。为此，提出一种新型复合油墨，具有优异的适印性，用于计算机跨尺度挤出式墨水直写(Direct ink writing，DIW)。通过交联及酸后处理，将其转化为高性能的导电水凝胶。经过改性处理的3D打印水凝胶，具有62 S/m(凝胶状态)、311 S/m(干燥状态)的电导率及超过210%的应变。通过调节打印参数，以满足不同黏度墨水的打印需求，从而制造出具有拉伸性能及多层结构堆叠的水凝胶柔性电感器，用于无线电信号传输。此外，因其具有良好的生物相容性及分子结构稳定性，在可植入电子工程领域中，将展现其巨大的应用潜力。

关键词: 3D打印, 导电聚合物, 水凝胶, 柔性电感器, PEDOT:PSS

Abstract: Conductive polymer hydrogels are extensively utilized in energy storage, flexible electronics, and bioelectronics because of their inherent conductivity and biocompatibility. Currently, the production of most conductive polymer hydrogels relies on conventional two-dimensional (2D) technologies. This includes techniques such as printing, casting, and lithography. These manufacturing processes are cumbersome, expensive, and often yield low resolution in three-dimensional (3D) structures. These limitations impede the application and innovation of polymer hydrogels in electronic conduction. To address these challenges, we proposed a novel composite ink that demonstrates excellent printability for computer-controlled cross-scale extrusion ink direct writing (DIW). This ink was subsequently transformed into a high-performance conductive hydrogel through crosslinking and acid post-treatment. The modified 3D-printed hydrogel exhibits a conductivity of 62 S/m in the gel state and 311 S/m in the dry gel state, with a strain exceeding 210%. By optimizing the printing parameters to accommodate inks of varying viscosities, we created a hydrogel flexible inductor with tensile properties and a multi-layer structure designed for radio signal transmission. Furthermore, due to its excellent biocompatibility and stable molecular structure, this hydrogel holds significant potential for applications in implantable electronic engineering.

Key words: 3D printing, conducting polymer, hydrogel, flexible sensor, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate

中图分类号:

TG156
TP212

刘佩儒, 魏发南, 姚立纲, 刘晓敏. 基于导电聚合物水凝胶改性的3D打印柔性电感器研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(5): 347-356.

LIU Peiru, WEI Fanan, YAO Ligang, LIU Xiaomin. Research of 3D Printed Flexible Inductor Based on Conductive Polymer Hydrogel Modified[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(5): 347-356.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260250

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I5/347

参考文献

[1] XIE C，YANG Q，HUANG Y，et al. A hybrid arm-hand rehabilitation robot with EMG-based admittance controller[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems，2021，15(6): 1332-1142.
[2] MA J，DU Y，JIANG Y，et al. Wearable healthcare smart electrochemical biosensors based on co-assembled prussian blue-graphene film for glucose sensing[J]. Microchimica Acta，2022，189(1): 46.
[3] XIE X，XU Z，YU X，et al. Liquid-in-liquid printing of 3D and mechanically tunable conductive hydrogels[J]. Nature Communications，2023，14(1):4289.
[4] LI N，ZHOU Y，LI Y，et al. Transformable 3D curved high-density liquid metal coils-an integrated unit for general soft actuation，sensing and communication[J]. Nature Communications，2024，15(1): 7679.
[5] XIANG W，LU Y，WANG H，et al. Liquid-metal-based magnetic fluids [J]. Nature Reviews Materials，2024，9(6): 433-449.
[6] XU Y，YE Z，ZHAO G，et al. Phase-separated porous nanocomposite with ultralow percolation threshold for wireless bioelectronics[J]. Nature Nanotechnology，2024，19(8): 1158-1167.
[7] HUI Y，YAO Y，QIAN Q，et al. Three-dimensional printing of soft hydrogel electronics[J]. Nature Electronics，2022，5(12): 893-903.
[8] LEE B，CHO H，MOON S，et al. Omnidirectional printing of elastic conductors for three-dimensional stretchable electronics[J]. Nature Electronics，2023，6: 307-318.
[9] ZHANG C，WANG M，JIANG C，et al. Highly adhesive and self-healing gamma-pga/pedot:PSS conductive hydrogels enabled by multiple hydrogen bonding for wearable electronics[J]. Nano Energy，2022，5: 106991.
[10] BHATTACHARJEE M，SONI M，ESCOBEDO P，et al. PEDOT:PSS microchannel-based highly sensitive stretchable strain sensor[J]. Advanced Electronic Materials，2020，6(8): 2000445.
[11] KIM J，OH J，LIM S，et al. Intrinsically stretchable multi-functional fiber with energy harvesting and strain sensing capability[J]. Nano Energy，2019，55: 348-353.
[12] SHEN Z，ZHANG Z，ZHANG N，et al. High- stretchability，ultralow-hysteresis conductingpolymer hydrogel strain sensors for soft machines[J]. Advanced Materials，2022，34(32): 2203650.
[13] YAO B，WANG H，ZHOU Q，et al. Ultrahigh- conductivity polymer hydrogels with arbitrary structures[J]. Advanced Materials，2017，29(28): 1700974.
[14] MOUSSA M，EL-KADY M F，DUBAL D，et al. Self-assembly and cross-linking of conducting polymers into 3D hydrogel electrodes for supercapacitor applications[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials，2020，3(1): 923-932.
[15] ZHANG S，CHEN Y，LIU H，et al. Room- temperature-formed PEDOT:PSS hydrogels enable injectable，soft，and healable organic bioelectronics[J]. Advanced Materials，2020，32(1): 1904752.
[16] FU F，WANG J，ZENG H，et al. Functional conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics[J]. ACS Materials Letters，2020，2(10): 1287-1301.
[17] LEE Y Y，KANG H Y，GWON S H，et al. A Strain-insensitive stretchable electronic conductor: PEDOT:PSS/acrylamide organogels[J]. Advanced Materials，2016，28(8): 1636-1643.
[18] RASTIN H，ZHANG B，BI J，et al. 3D printing of cell-laden electroconductive bioinks for tissue engineering applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B，2020，8(27): 5862-5876.
[19] ZHOU T，YUK H，HU F，et al. 3D printable high-performance conducting polymer hydrogel for all-hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces[J]. Nature Materials，2023，22(7): 895-902.
[20] LIU J，MCKEON L，GARCIA J，et al. Additive manufacturing of Ti3C2-MXene-functionalized conductive polymer hydrogels for electromagneticinterference shielding[J]. Advanced Materials，2022，34(5): 2106253.
[21] WANG J，LI Q，LI K，et al. Ultra-high electrical conductivity in filler-free polymeric hydrogels toward thermoelectrics and electromagnetic interference shielding[J]. Advanced Materials，2022，34(12): 2109904.
[22] YUK H，LU B，LIN S，et al. 3D printing of conducting polymers[J]. Nature Communications，2020，11(1): 1604.
[23] ZHENG Y，WANG Y，ZHANG F，et al. Coagulation bath-assisted 3D printing of PEDOT:PSS with high resolution and strong substrate adhesion for bioelectronic devices[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies，2022，7(7): 2101514.
[24] WANG Y，ZHU C，PFATTNER R，et al. A highly stretchable，transparent，and conductive polymer[J]. Science Advances，2017，3(3): e1602076.
[25] KAYSER L V，RUSSELL M D，RODRIQUEZ D，et al. RAFT polymerization of an intrinsically stretchable water-soluble block copolymer scaffold for PEDOT[J]. Chemistry of Materials，2018，30(13): 4459-4468.
[26] LI G，HUANG K，DENG J，et al. Highly conducting and stretchable double-network hydrogel for soft bioelectronics[J]. Advanced Materials，2022，34(15): 2200261.
[27] CHANG J，HE J，LEI Q，et al. Electrohydrodynamic printing of microscale PEDOT:PSS-PEO features with tunable conductive/thermal properties[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2018，10(22):19116-19122.
[28] BAO P，LU Y，TAO P，et al. 3D printing PEDOT-CMC-based high areal capacity electrodes for Li-ion batteries[J]. Ionics，2021，27(7):2857-2865.
[29] 孙富昌，潘雨辰，张云飞，等. PEDOT:PSS/聚(丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸)导电水凝胶的制备与性能[J]. 复合材料学报，2022，39(3):1131-1140. SUN Fuchang，PAN Yuchen，ZHANG Yunfei，et al. Preparation and properties of PEDOT:PSS/poly (acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) conductive hydrogels[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica，2022，39(3):1131-1140.
[30] ZHAO Q，WU Z，XU X J S，et al. Design of poly(3，4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene sulfonate- polyacrylamide dual network hydrogel for long-term stable，highly efficient solar steam generation [J]. Separation and Purification Technology，2022， 300:121889.
[31] LIU J，GARCIA J，LEAHY L M，et al. 3D printing of multifunctional conductive polymer composite hydrogels[J]. Advanced Functional Materials，2023，33(37):2214196.
[32] LIN S，YUK H，ZHANG T，et al. Stretchable hydrogel electronics and devices[J]. Advanced Materials，2016，28(22):4497-4505.

基于导电聚合物水凝胶改性的3D打印柔性电感器研究

Research of 3D Printed Flexible Inductor Based on Conductive Polymer Hydrogel Modified

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘俊杰, 张友超, 张厚超, 张兵, 许权, 朱晓阳, 兰红波. 基于电场驱动微3D打印增减材复合制造高精度铜基柔性透明电路[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 427-438.
[2]	刘长勇, 吴怀安, 李琛, 黄柯豪, 刘志远, 陈张伟, 张磊. 基于旋转喷头的四轴联动多材料同步3D打印技术及其工艺研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(5): 399-407.
[3]	李桂伟, 曹祺原, 王嘉庆, 赵一航, 吴文征. 先进材料增材制造研究与发展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 15-45.
[4]	何超凡, 吴琦林, 乔天鸿, 孙元, 高庆, 王鹏, 马梁, 尹俊, 杨华勇, 贺永. 投影式生物3D打印：原理、挑战与应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 46-69.
[5]	邓贺元, 方永聪, 张婷, 熊卓. 高通量生物3D打印及其在类器官构建中的应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 70-85.
[6]	刘腾飞, 杨腾锐, 田小永, 吴玲玲, 李涤尘. 面向空间极端环境的聚醚醚酮及其复合材料真空3D打印工艺机理与性能[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 271-281.
[7]	王勇强, 张厚超, 黄君杰, 李红珂, 朱晓阳, 杨建军, 兰红波. 基于气/电/热协同驱动喷射微3D打印低成本制造高精度共形薄膜[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 298-310.
[8]	刘晓军, 单忠德, 刘检华, 刘丰, 李志坤, 张敬科, 郭珍珍. 连续纤维3D打印张力自适应调控方法和装置优化研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 250-262.
[9]	许西庆, 李世元, 杨永康, 周玉珑, 牛书鑫, 李鑫. 氧化铝纤维强化陶瓷型芯的3D打印及尺寸精度控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 323-329.
[10]	刘富初, 王妙, 张驰, 林学雄. 响应面法协同优化3D打印氧化铝多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗弯强度[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 386-396.
[11]	任奥琪, 梁庆宣, 张童童, 白金仓, 李涤尘. 宽频高效透波超材料结构可控设计及3D打印[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 420-429.
[12]	靳茂鹏, 张厚超, 王飞, 李言胜, 陈硕, 李义睿, 白彦军, 李红珂, 许权, 赵佳伟, 张广明, 兰红波. 基于电场驱动微3D打印复合增材制造银/铜/镍基金属网格透明天线[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(13): 315-326.
[13]	刘晓军, 单忠德, 刘检华, 李志坤, 姜稀膑, 李昊. 连续纤维增强PEEK复合材料3D打印精度研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 361-375.
[14]	王新玉, 刘天瑞, 吕昕泽, 汪干生, 岳健广. 3D打印连续碳纤维复合材料拉伸力学性能试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 396-405.
[15]	林骁, 刘志远, 刘长勇, 陈张伟. 光固化3D打印SiOC (Fe)陶瓷及其吸波性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(23): 377-384.