高通量生物3D打印及其在类器官构建中的应用

doi:10.3901/JME.260071

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物3D打印作为一种基于增材制造原理的先进生物制造技术，通过精准沉积细胞与生物材料，为构建复杂三维生物结构提供了强大工具。系统综述了典型生物3D打印工艺(包括微滴式、挤出式和光辅助打印)的基本原理与局限性，并重点介绍了高通量生物3D打印在提升打印速度、并行化产能与自动化水平方面的最新技术进展。进一步地，探讨了高通量生物3D打印在类器官构建中解决的痛点问题，包括实现标准化与规模化制造、复杂多细胞结构的精准复现及动态微环境调控，从而显著提升了类器官的仿生性与重复性。最后，指出了当前面临的挑战(如生物墨水开发、多模态检测、标准化与功能化统一)并展望了未来发展趋势，为类器官技术的临床转化与产业化应用提供了重要参考。

关键词: 生物3D打印, 高通量, 类器官, 大规模制造, 多细胞结构, 组织微环境

Abstract: As an advanced biomanufacturing strategy based on additive manufacturing principles, bioprinting enables the precise deposition of cells and biomaterials, providing a powerful tool for constructing complex three-dimensional biological structures. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and limitations of conventional bioprinting techniques, including droplet-based, extrusion-based, and light-assisted approaches, and highlights recent advances in high-throughput bioprinting aimed at improving printing speed, parallel capacity, and automation. Furthermore, we discuss the critical applications of high-throughput bioprinting in organoid construction, such as enabling standardized and scalable production, recapitulating complex multicellular architectures, and dynamically regulating microenvironments, thereby significantly enhancing the biomimicry and reproducibility of organoids. Finally, we outline the major challenges—such as multimodal detection, the lack of standardized protocols, and the development of bioinks—and provide a forward-looking perspective on future directions, offering important insights for the clinical translation and industrialization of organoid technologies.

Key words: 3D bioprinting, high-throughput, organoid, mass production, multicellular structure, cellular microenvironment

中图分类号:

TG156

邓贺元, 方永聪, 张婷, 熊卓. 高通量生物3D打印及其在类器官构建中的应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 70-85.

DENG Heyuan, FANG Yongcong, ZHANG Ting, XIONG Zhuo. Advances in High-throughput Bioprinting: Strategies and Applications in Organoid Fabrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 70-85.

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