基于电流多阶导数特征的高速开关阀动态特性检测方法

doi:10.3901/JME.260132

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速开关阀是数字液压系统的核心控制元件，具有响应速度快、结构简单、抗污染能力强等优势。动态特性是衡量高速开关阀性能的重要指标，也是确保数字液压系统响应速度和控制精度的关键因素。然而，高速开关阀紧凑的结构设计以及插装或铆压的安装方式，使得现有检测手段难以精准地获取其阀芯的运动过程。因此，高速开关阀动态特性高精度检测成为数字液压领域亟须解决的难题。提出一种基于电流多阶导数特征的高速开关阀动态特性检测方法，建立高速开关阀电-磁-机械多场耦合数理模型，基于该模型推演高速开关阀运动过程中各阶段电流导数的变化趋势，得到电流二阶导数曲线在高速开关阀临界开启/关闭时刻出现凸/凹点；电流一阶导数曲线在完全开启/关闭时刻出现上/下折点的重要结论。试验结果表明，提出的电流特性判断法适用于各种结构高速开关阀的动态特性检测，且检测结果与基恩士激光位移传感器以及振动速度传感器的检测结果相比，启闭滞后时间与启闭运动时间的最大结果偏差仅为0.04 ms(3.7%)，启闭总时间的最大结果偏差仅为0.02 ms(0.9%)。为高速开关阀提供一种高性价比、高精度、高可靠性的动态特性检测手段，有助于推动数字液压技术的进一步发展和应用。

关键词: 高速开关阀, 动态特性, 阀芯速度, 电流多阶导数, 电流检测

Abstract: High speed on/off valve(HSV) is a pivotal control component of digital hydraulic system, owing to its rapid response, straightforward structure, and robust pollution resistance. Dynamic characteristic not only serves as a crucial index in evaluating the performance of HSV, but also plays a key role in ensuring the response speed and control precision of digital hydraulic system. However, the compact design and installation methods like cartridge or riveting make it difficult for the existing detection methods to accurately obtain the movement process of the spool. Thus, achieving high-precision detection of HSV’s dynamic performance has become an urgent problem in the field of digital hydraulic. A dynamic performance detection method for HSV based on the multi-order derivative characteristic of the current is proposed. An electrical-magnetic-mechanical multi-field coupling mathematical model of HSV is established. Based on the model, the variation of current derivative throughout each HSV motion stage is deduced. The conclusion is obtained that the convex/concave point appears on the current second-order derivative curve at the critical opening/closing moment of HSV, and the upward/downward folding point appears on the current first-order derivative at the fully opening/closing moment. The experimental results show that the current characteristic judgment method proposed in this research is suitable for the dynamic performance testing of HSV in a variety of construction types. Compared with the results of Keyence laser displacement sensor and vibration sensor, the maximum deviation of the switching delay time and moving time is only 0.04 ms (3.7%) and the maximum deviation of the total switching time is only 0.02 ms (0.9%). The method provides a cost-effective, high-precision and strong-reliability means of dynamic performance detection for HSV, and helps to promote the further development and application of digital hydraulic technology.

Key words: high speed on/off valve, dynamic performance, spool velocity, multi-order derivative of current, current detection

中图分类号:

TH137

钟麒, 黄奕, 徐恩光, 王俊贤, 毛永鑫, 何贤剑, 王军, 杨华勇. 基于电流多阶导数特征的高速开关阀动态特性检测方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 366-376.

ZHONG Qi, HUANG Yi, XU Enguang, WANG Junxian, MAO Yongxin, HE Xianjian, WANG Jun, YANG Huayong. Dynamic Performance Detection Method for High Speed on/off Valve Based on the Multi-order Derivative Characteristic of the Current[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 366-376.

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