阀芯速度对燃油泄压过程中空化流动特性的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.22.155

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明电磁阀阀芯速度对高压燃油泄压过程中空化特性和压力特性的影响规律和机制，采用可视化试验验证三维数值计算模型，并基于验证的模型对不同阀芯速度时电磁阀打开过程中的空化流动进行数值计算。结果表明，流动分离和射流卷吸是导致节流处和下游空化的主要原因；阀芯升程相同时，阀芯速度越大，节流处的空化强度越大，且阀芯速度的影响随着阀芯升程增大而减小；阀芯升程小于0.08 mm时，随着阀芯速度增大，下游的空化减弱；阀芯升程大于0.08 mm时，定位柱上方出现渐弱的周期性旋涡空化，而且旋涡空化随着阀芯速度增大而增强。此外总蒸汽体积分数的变化是导致节流处和下游压力波动的主要原因；节流处的压力在阀芯升程小于0.04 mm时出现衰减波动，且波动的两个频率分量均随着阀芯速度增大线性增长；下游的压力波动发生在阀芯升程小于0.06 mm时，且随着阀芯速度增大，压力峰值增加。

关键词: 高压燃油, 电磁阀, 阀芯速度, 空化, 压力波动

Abstract: To obtain the influence of valve core speed on the cavitation and pressure characteristics during the pressure relief process of the high-pressure fuel, a visualization experiment was conducted to validate a three-dimensional numerical calculation model. Based on the validated model, numerical calculations were conducted to study the cavitation flow during the opening process of the solenoid valve at different valve core speeds. The results show that the cavitation in the throttling section and downstream is caused by flow separation and jet entrainment, respectively. Moreover, at the same valve lift, higher valve core speeds result in more vapor at the throttling section, and the influence of valve core speed decreases as the valve lift increases. When the valve lift is less than 0.08 mm, increasing valve core speed leads to a decrease in downstream vapor volume at the same valve lift. When the valve lift is greater than 0.08 mm, a gradually weakening periodic vortex cavitation appears above the stroke stop, and the higher the speed of the valve core, the stronger the vortex cavitation. Additionally, the pressure fluctuations at the throttling section and downstream both originate from changes in total vapor volume fraction. The pressure in the throttling section exhibits attenuated fluctuations when the valve lift is less than 0.04 mm, and both frequency components of the fluctuations increase linearly with the valve core speed. The downstream pressure fluctuations occur when the valve core stroke is less than 0.06 mm, and with increasing valve core speed, the pressure peak increases.

Key words: high-pressure fuel, solenoid valve, valve core speed, cavitation, pressure fluctuation

中图分类号:

TK421

梁玉秀, 黎一锴, 刘辉. 阀芯速度对燃油泄压过程中空化流动特性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(22): 155-166.

LIANG Yuxiu, LI Yikai, LIU Hui. Effect of Valve Core Speed on the Characteristics of Cavitation Flow during Fuel Pressure Relief[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(22): 155-166.

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