地铁扁疤车轮通过钢轨焊缝区的轮轨垂向力特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.263

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车轮扁疤和钢轨焊缝不平顺作为轮轨表面常见的激扰源，会加剧轮轨动力相互作用。既有研究针对两种激励共同作用下的轮轨动力响应分析尚不完善。基于ANSYS与Simpack建立了考虑轮轨柔性的地铁车辆–轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型，以扁疤中心和钢轨焊缝中心的相对位置模拟扁疤车轮通过钢轨焊缝区时的相位，研究车轮扁疤和钢轨焊缝不平顺共同作用下的轮轨垂向力特性。结果表明：扁疤车轮通过叠合形焊缝不平顺时，其轮轨垂向力响应随相对位置的变化有明显波动，且相对位置位于焊缝短波不平顺的起点和终点附近出现局部峰值。其轮轨垂向力最大值在局部峰值附近随着扁疤长度、车速和焊缝不平顺短波波深的增加而增大，随着焊缝不平顺短波波长的增加而减小，较单独扁疤引起的轮轨垂向力最大值显著增大。当扁疤长度为30 mm，以60 km/h车速通过既定钢轨焊缝区时，最大轮轨垂向力为262.3 kN，相比正常静轮载增加约320.3%。探究了地铁扁疤车轮通过钢轨焊缝区时轮轨垂向力作用，旨为地铁运营维护提供一定理论参考价值。

关键词: 地铁车辆, 刚柔耦合动力学, 车轮扁疤, 钢轨焊缝不平顺, 轮轨垂向力

Abstract: Wheel flats and rail weld irregularities are common sources of excitation on the wheel and rail surface, which will aggravate the wheel-rail interaction. The previous research on analyzing the dynamic response of wheel and rail under the combined effect of two kinds of excitations is not perfect. Based on ANSYS and SIMPACK, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of metro vehicle-track is established, which takes into account the flexibility of wheelsets and rails. The phase when the flat wheel passes through the weld zone of the rail was simulated by the relative position between the center of the wheel flat and the center of the weld zone of the rail. Then, the vertical force characteristics of the wheel and rail are investigated under the combined excitation of wheel flats and rail weld irregularities. The results show that when the flat wheel passes through the superimposed weld irregularity, the vertical wheel-rail force response obviously fluctuates with the change of relative position. A local peak of the vertical wheel-rail force appears at the relative position near the start and end points of the short-wavelength weld irregularity. Near the local peak, the maximum vertical wheel-rail force increases with the length of the wheel flat, the vehicle speed and the depth of the short-wavelength of the weld, and decreases with the wavelength of the short-wavelength irregularity of the weld. It is significantly higher than the force caused by a single wheel flat without considering the rail weld. The vehicle passes through the given rail weld zone at a speed of 60 km/h when the wheel flat is 30 mm long, the maximum vertical wheel–rail force is 262.3 kN, which corresponds to an increase of approximately 320.3% compared to the normal static wheel load. The investigation of the vertical wheel-rail forces when subway flat wheels pass through rail weld zones aims to provide valuable theoretical reference for subway operation and maintenance.

Key words: metro vehicle, rigid-flexible coupling dynamics, wheel flat, rail weld irregularity, wheel-rail vertical force

中图分类号:

U260
U270

龙辉, 陶功权, 梁红琴, 卢纯, 温泽峰, 张楷, 刘奇锋, 肖乾. 地铁扁疤车轮通过钢轨焊缝区的轮轨垂向力特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 263-273.

LONG Hui, TAO Gongquan, LIANG Hongqin, LU Chun, WEN Zefeng, ZHANG Kai, LIU Qifeng, XIAO Qian. Analysis of Wheel-rail Vertical Force Characteristics Due to Flat Wheel Passing through Rail Weld Zone in Metro[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 263-273.

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