地铁车辆制动管路动应力分析及结构优化

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.10.118

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地铁车辆转向架上制动管路是空气制动系统中的关键部件，制动管路的可靠性对列车制动安全至关重要。针对我国某条地铁线路制动管路断裂问题，通过试验和数值模态分析、振动和动应力测试，分析制动管路断裂的原因。提出增加管路壁厚、采用弹性管卡和增加管卡数量等三种方案对制动管路结构进行优化。采用频域结合时域的动应力分析方法对制动管路各优化方案进行动应力仿真。结果表明，制动管路一阶横弯振动（73.2 Hz）和构架侧梁八字横弯振动（71.8 Hz）耦合共振是制动管路断裂的主要原因；在制动管路两管卡中间位置处增加一个管卡，相比于增加管路壁厚（从1.5 mm增加至3 mm）与降低管卡刚度（从0.85 GPa降低至0.15 GPa），降低管路动应力水平的效果最为显著。为车辆转向架制动管路结构优化改进设计提供了理论依据。

关键词: 地铁车辆, 管路断裂, 随机振动, 应力分析, 模态分析, 结构优化

Abstract: The braking pipeline on the bogie is a critical component of air braking system of the metro vehicles. Its reliability is crucial to the security of train brake. Aiming at the fracture phenomenon of the braking pipeline occurring on a metro line, the cause is analyzed by means of experimental and numerical modal analyses, vibration and dynamic stress tests. Three measures are presented to optimize the braking pipeline, including increasing pipeline wall thickness, using elastic pipe clamp and increasing the pipe clamp numbers. The dynamic stress of the braking pipeline for each optimization measure is obtained by a dynamic stress analysis method which considers frequency domain and time domain. The results show that the coupling resonance between the first-order lateral bending vibration of the braking pipeline (73.2 Hz) and the lateral bending vibration of the frame side beam (71.8 Hz) is the main reason for the braking pipeline fracture. Comparing with increasing the pipeline wall thickness from 1.5 mm to 3 mm and reducing the pipe clamp stiffness from 0.85 GPa to 0.15 GPa, adding an extra pipe clamp in middle position of the existing two pipe clamps on the braking pipeline has the most significant effect on reducing the pipeline dynamic stress amplitude. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the brake pipeline structure of vehicle bogie.

Key words: metro vehicles, pipeline fracture, random vibration, stress analysis, modal analysis, structural optimization

中图分类号:

U270

谢晨希, 陶功权, 温泽峰. 地铁车辆制动管路动应力分析及结构优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(10): 118-125.

XIE Chenxi, TAO Gongquan, WEN Zefeng. Dynamic Stress Analysis and Structural Optimization of Braking Pipeline of Metro Vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(10): 118-125.

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