外部拘束对NM450TP钢T字接头焊接残余应力的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.091

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新型免调质耐磨钢NM450TP是近年来在工程机械和矿山机械等领域中应用越来越广泛的低成本超高强钢，但国内目前并没有系统而深入地研究这类材料典型接头的焊接残余应力。以NM450TP钢为研究对象，采用数值模拟技术和试验手段结合的方法研究了T字接头在自由状态和外部拘束条件下的焊接残余应力及其演化过程。基于显微组织观察和硬度测量结果，建立了NM450TP钢焊接过程中固态相变和软化模型，以专用软件SYSWELD为平台开发了“温度-组织-应力”多场耦合的热-弹-塑性有限元计算方法。采用所开发的计算方法数值模拟了NM450TP钢T字接头的温度场及残余应力，并与试验测量结果进行的比较。此外，基于数值模拟结果探讨了外部拘束对T字接头的纵向残余与横向残余应力的影响。数值模拟结果表明，由于NM450TP钢热影响区发生了以马氏体为主的固态相变，在外部拘束条件下，马氏体相变引起的体积膨胀反而减小了横向残余应力的峰值。研究成果对这类材料在实际工程应用中焊接工艺的制定提供了理论依据。

关键词: NM450TP钢, 固态相变, 软化效应, 残余应力, 数值模拟

Abstract: NM450TP is a new type of quenched wear-resistant steel, it is a low-cost ultra-high strength steel which has been widely used in construction machinery and mining machinery in recent years. However, there is no systematic and in-depth research on the welding residual stress of typical joints of such materials in China at present. Taking NM450TP steel as the research object, the welding residual stress and its evolution process of T-joints under free state and external constraint were studied by numerical simulation and experimental methods. Based on the results of microstructure observation and hardness measurement, a solid phase transformation and softening model of NM450TP steel during welding was established. A thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method of "temperature-microstructure-stress" coupling was developed on the platform of special software SYSWELD. The temperature field and residual stress of T-joints of NM450TP steel are numerically simulated with the developed method and compared with the experimental results. In addition, based on the numerical simulation results, the influence of external constraint on the longitudinal and transverse residual stress of T-joints is discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the volume expansion caused by the martensitic transformation in the HAZ of NM450TP steel decreases the peak value of the transverse residual stress. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of welding technology of these materials in practical engineering applications.

Key words: NM450TP steel, solid-state phase transformation, softening effect, residual stress, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG404

李冠楠, 毛峙溆, 王重阳, 胡龙, 邓德安. 外部拘束对NM450TP钢T字接头焊接残余应力的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 91-102.

LI Guannan, MAO Zhixu, WANG Chongyang, HU Long, DENG Dean. Influence of External Constraint on Welding Residual Stress of NM450TP Steel T-joint[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 91-102.

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